Other publications

Abstract: Teacher’s guide for the Pupil’s Atlas, which together with the Workbook in 2019 complemented the range of didactic aids for teaching geography (geography) at lower secondary school level. The Pupils’ Atlas and the Workbook have been prepared with the knowledge that they are intended to facilitate pupils’ entry into the mysteries of geography.

Keywords: cartography, didactic aid, teachers, lower secondary school

Abstract: The book tries to point out the rich industrial past of the Ústí Region, or the heavily urbanized area of the Podkrušnohoří region, the towns of Klášterec nad Ohří and Děčín. The author team was led by Vladan Hruška from the Department of Geography of the Faculty of Science, who coordinated a team of other co-authors from the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Faculty of Art and Design, Faculty of Arts and Faculty of Science of J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem.

Keywords: industrial heritage, Ústí nad Labem Region, Ore Mountain foothills

Abstract: The purpose of the publication is to provide readers with a basic overview of areas and topics in geographical cartography and their connection to contemporary digital cartographic creation, usually carried out via geographical information system. For this reason, this publication does not aim to be a substitute for the standard university textbooks. For that matter, the publication is not a classical textbook, even though it might be a support to students when preparing for a university course exam. In addition to the above mentioned, the book will provide the reader with selected principles of map creating in ArcGIS.

Keywords: cartography, geography, geographical cartography, thematic cartography, assessment of cartographic works, cartographic generalisation

Abstract: The publication seeks to improve regional geographical knowledge by means of geographical synthesis. This knowledge is a gateway to understanding both domestic and world events for university students, as well as the community of experts. At the moment, there are relatively high-quality publications about individual countries or continents and a large amount of data available on the Internet. Nevertheless, in Czechia there is no publication which would give a coherent overview of the current state of the globalising world by evaluating world macro-regions and several "representative" countries in each of them.

Keywords: regional geography, geography of the world, differentiation of the world, global macro-regions

Abstract: An alternative school atlas inspired by school atlases from around the world. Also available in a discounted Workbook package. Uniquely in one atlas, it contains sections dedicated not only to the universe, the world and continents, but also to Czechia. This has made it possible to present Czechia in the context of the whole world and in context. Another specificity of the atlas is the concept of individual continents, which are presented by means of key themes and their specifics. Thus, for example, in Europe, one can get acquainted with the issue of migration, in the Caribbean with hurricanes, in Asia with fertility or in Africa with representatives of typical fauna. The sections on the world contain both simple to schematic maps and relatively more complex maps, whose added value lies primarily in showing pupils the connections between certain phenomena. The Workbook has been created to accompany the Pupil Atlas, the aim of which is to teach pupils to read the map correctly and to extract as much information as possible from it.

Keywords: school atlas, pupilʼs atlas, elementary school, didactic tool

Keywords: historical atlas, history, cartographic creation, 20th century, Czechia

Keywords: cyber, ecology, Papua New Guinea, digital technology

Abstract: While at theoretical level, the research focused on general principles of individual and organizational decision-making in environmental risk reduction, its empirical part was − also due to practical reasons of feasibility − focused on flood risk, which however: (i) are most severe in Central Europe, (ii) allow for representative research of different aspects of social practice in their reduction, and (iii) represent a up-to-date matter because of the current efforts to implement the European Floods Directive (2007/60/ES). The aim of the book was mainly to contribute by a systemic approach to the research of flood risk reduction at various societal levels (EU, state, municipalities, communities, individuals), because the topic has been rather underresearched in Czechia. Our ambition was to offer a supplementary perspective to extensive research which is concerned with hydrological and hydroengineering analyses of fl ood risk. Following international research discourse, we are convinced that only an integrative view with extensive insights into individual and organizational motivations to accept and implement flood risk reduction measures may offer more effective and effi cient outcomes for flood risk management. Another aim of this book was to present a variety of approaches (often fragmented in analytical studies published abroad) to broader audience, including professional in public administration organisations.

Keywords: flood risk, Czechia, social discussion

Abstract: The purpose of the publication is to provide readers with a basic overview of areas and topics in geographical cartography and their connection to contemporary digital cartographic creation, usually carried out via geographical information system. For this reason, this publication does not aim to be a substitute for the standard university textbooks. For that matter, the publication is not a classical textbook, even though it might be a support to students when preparing for a university course exam. In addition to the above mentioned, the book will provide the reader with selected principles of map creating in ArcGIS.

Keywords: cartography, geography, geographical cartography, thematic cartography, assessment of cartographic works, cartographic generalisation

Abstract: Mezi toponymy, jmény objektů na zemském povrchu, které bývají kartograficky fixovány v mapách, tvoří specifickou kategorii ta, jež se vytvářela na základě osobních jmen. Předmětem výzkumu se z nich zpravidla stávala a stávají toponyma honorifikační, zvolená na oslavu významných osobností. Užívání a důvody k udělení se však v průběhu času měnily, stejně jako typy pojmenovávaných objektů; nicméně v každém případě zůstaly a zůstávají významným svědectvím (nejen) minulé doby. Studium honorifikačních toponym nav íc dnes představuje styčný bod mezi řadou disciplín: historií, biografistikou, geografií či onomastikou. Předkládaná publikace tak i proto v řadě kapitol nabízí široké spektrum pohledů a možností, jak k dané problematice přistupovat.

Keywords: místní názvy, jména osobností, honorifikační toponyma

Abstract: The objective of the book is the exploration of a diversity of conditions of fieldwork in non-European locations. The chapters of the book demonstrate that the conditions of a fieldwork differ considerably in terms of environmental circumstances, natural risks, dangerous creatures, character of the local communities and the way of life in the countries where the authors conducted their particular research. The aim of the book is to give a vivid image of real conditions of fieldwork in selected places of our planet.

Keywords: fieldwork, Papua New Guinea, Morocco, Sudan, Amazonia, Alaska, Canada, conditions of fieldwork

Abstract: Das Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, ein Instrument für die Bewertung von sowohl fachspezifischen regionalen Geographie-Lehrbüchern als auch allgemeinen Texten, die den geographischen Raum und seine Teile präsentieren, vorzustellen. Dieses Instrument wurde „Karte der Frequenz von geographischen Namen“ genannt. Die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieses Instruments werden am Beispiel des Vergleichs der Gebietsrepräsentation der Region Nord-West-Böhmen in tschechischen Geographie-Lehrbüchern für Grundschulen aus verschiedenen Zeitperioden demonstriert. So wie die Geographiedidaktik als eine wissenschaftliche Disziplin an der Schnittstelle von Pädagogik, Didaktik und Geographie steht, vereint das Instrument „Karte der Frequenz von geographischen Namen“ die traditionellen methodischen Ansätze von pädagogisch-didaktischen Lehrplananalysen mit Methoden der kartographischen Visualisierung und mit einer geographischen Betrachtung des Raumes. Autoren und Autorinnen von Geographie-Lehrbüchern verwenden bei der Präsentation und Beschreibung von Teilen des geographischen Raumes eine spezifische Art von Fachbegriffen – die sogenannte geographische Namenkunde. Geographische Namen sind mehr oder weniger stabile Begriffe mit einer inneren Bedeutung, die eine bestimmte Vorstellung (Image) der Orte und der Gebiete implizieren. Durch ihre Verwendung tragen wir dazu bei, diese innere Bedeutung zu verbreiten und auch eine Beziehung anderer Menschen zu den Orten und Gebieten zu herzustellen. Verschiedene soziale Weltsichten betonen unterschiedliche Werte und schätzen verschiedene Teile des geographischen Raumes; deshalb verwandelt sich im Laufe der Zeit auch die Präsentation der Orte und der Gebiete. Durch die „Karten der Frequenz von geographischen Namen“ gewinnt man eine Vorstellung von der räumlichen Ausgewogenheit bzw. Unausgewogenheit der Präsentation der dargestellten Gebiete, also von der Bevorzugung bestimmter Gegenden vor anderen und einer vorsätzlichen Hervorhebung oder Außerachtlassung von bestimmten Aspekten oder Merkmalen des Raumes.

Keywords: Geographical Names Frequency Map, mental map, Geography Textbooks

Abstract: The chapter deals with changes in spatial organization of elementary schools and with adaptability of population in crucial periods of development of elementary schools network in Czechia during the 20th century till today. The stress is put on rural space. The aim of the chapter is on one side to identify the key factors, that disturb the resilience of spatial organization of education and the adaptability of rural population, and on the other side those factors, that strengthen the resilience and adaptability.

Keywords: elementary education, school pattern, rural space, community, geography of education

Abstract: What is so specific about these atlases? Above all, they summarize land use and cover changes papers from different countries, studied with various methods. Thus, the atlases enable international contacts and publicity of research results as well as they show new and original methods and approaches in land use research. They also provide an essential possibility of publication in larger format; papers usually cannot be printed in such an extent in scientific journals. The atlases offer an equal extent of text and graphics, and there is also a possibility to publish full-colour maps and figures. Coloured maps facilitate better perception of various analysed land-use categories, their development and other features. Volume VII includes eleven papers altogether (ten from Czechia and one from Slovakia); however, the first seven papers make a whole with general introduction plus six case studies from Czechia.

Keywords: land use, land cover, case study areas

Abstract: The contribution is a tribute to Czech Univ. Prof. Karel Kuchař and reminds us of the 35th anniversary, counted from his last public lecture named Aesthetics of Map Production. Unfortunately, Prof. Kuchař was not able to elaborate the issue of aesthetic aspects of cartographic production in further detail. The aim of this contribution is to categorize and summarize this knowledge. The first part mentions the traditional, and we can also say never-ending, discussion on cartography and early maps being a form of art. It is followed by a summary of aesthetic aspects of (not only) early maps (map format, sheet composition, use of space, shapes of map fields and structure of outlines, form of compositional elements, map contents, cartographic language, thematic cartography methods, use of colour and font in maps, author’s style and handwriting). Finally, several pieces of evidence are offered confirming that “early maps” and “computer map production” are not incompatible.

Keywords: aesthetics, early maps, Univ. Prof. Karel Kuchař

Abstract: Kniha je určena širokému okruhu tvůrců i uživatelů map a atlasů, a to nejen tematických. Systematicky utříděné poznatky napomohou nejen kartografům, ale především geografům, geologům, klimatologům, hydrologům, ekologům, architektům, stavebním inženýrům, geodetům, urbanistům a mnoha dalším odborníkům při tvorbě kvalitních tematických mapových děl.

Keywords: colours in cartography

Abstract: To create valuable output, people must learn from mistakes, learn to evaluate the results of their work and, thus, not to repeat their mistakes. There are many ways of assessing products arising from human activity, i.e. cartographic works as well. Verbal assessment (reviews, references) is the most common one. It usually includes the list of positive and negative aspects of the product, or a multi-criterion assessment containing a system of value parameters of the work, usually numerical. This assessment is usually done by more or less experienced experts. What does the user think, though? It is desirable to find an adequate way of assessment assisted by the user. It is the user who is the ultimate recipient of the product. Apart from standard sociological approach using questionnaires, surveys or managed interviews, there are possibilities with high independence potential in the area of potential semantic differences in the researcher´s and the respondent´s perception. These are represented by various tasks given to individuals or groups concerning cartographic works or an analysis of user mental maps based on the users’ experience with cartographic works.

Keywords: assessment of cartographic works, viewpoints of assessment, methods in assessment, map quality, user-friendliness

Abstract: Zeměpisná olympiáda (dále též ZO) představuje geografickou zájmovou činnost, která by měla pomoci rozvíjet myšlení a nadání mladých lidí v oblasti fyzické i humánní geografie a kartografie. Je také nástrojem propagace a šíření geografického myšlení a geografické gramotnosti ve společnosti. Tato publikace předkládá v souhrnné podobě zadání a autorská řešení všech úloh, které vytvořil tým pod vedením organizační garantky ZO, Silvie R. Kučerové, pro 18. ročník soutěže ve školním roce 2015/2016.

Keywords: zeměpisná olympiáda, testy

Abstract: Zeměpisná olympiáda (dále též ZO) představuje geografickou zájmovou činnost, která by měla pomoci rozvíjet myšlení a nadání mladých lidí v oblasti fyzické i humánní geografie a kartografie. Je také nástrojem propagace a šíření geografického myšlení a geografické gramotnosti ve společnosti. Tato publikace předkládá v souhrnné podobě zadání a autorská řešení všech úloh, které vytvořil tým pod vedením organizační garantky ZO, Silvie R. Kučerové, pro 16. ročník soutěže ve školním roce 2013/2014.

Keywords: zeměpisná olympiáda, testy

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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to create a model of Bachelor thesis as an illustration of such type of work in compliance with the requirements of the Department of Geography. This model can serve students as a guideline. In the first part we analyse the ISO 690 international standards and compile the ISO standards used at the Department, including examples of citations of bibliographic references for various types of documents. In the second part we specify the typographical rules used at the Department, with special attention given to “areas of high difficulty”, especially to punctuation. Authentic tables, pictures, maps and other frequently used supplements to texts are used for illustration. The reader is, therefore, provided with brief and clear preview of requirements for thesis writing, regarding both form and contents.

Keywords: thesis, citation standards, typography, thesis structure, thesis writing rules

Abstract: Geografická kartografie vychází ze základních pojmů jako jsou kartografie, mapa, mapový jazyk, kartografická generalizace a různých subdisciplín kartografie (matematická, tematická, topografická apod.) a v závěrečné části také GIS a geoinformatika. Studenti se vedle teoretických znalostí učí sami jednoduché mapy konstruovat a také mapy používat.

Keywords: kartografie, mapa, mapový jazyk, kartografická generalizace, obsah mapy, úkoly

Abstract: Tento kurz bezprostředně navazuje na kurz Geografická kartografie (P114, resp. P126). Během kurzu se studenti seznámí s programovým prostředím software ArcGIS 10.x od firmy ESRI jako příkladu komerčního GIS, který je v českém prostředí velice rozšířen. Studenti se díky tomu naučí základní anglické terminologii. Základní filozofií kurzu je reprezentace reality v digitálním prostředí, tj. poznatky získané během kurzu Geografická kartografie zde student uplatní v rámci digitální tvorby. Sledován je celý proces tvorby mapového výstupu přímo v GIS (od pořizování dat po jejich vizualizaci). Vedle tvorby kartogramů, kartodiagramů a dalších tematických map jsou řešeny různé prostorové analýzy a jejich použití v geografické praxi. Výstupem jsou semestrální projekty studentů, které by měly pokud možno vycházet z praxe. Na tento kurz navazuje předmět Geografické informační systémy II, který rozšiřuje znalosti a dovednosti studentů v GIS.

Keywords: geoinformační systém, digitální model prostorových dat, pořizování dat, geodatabáze, geoprocessing, vizualizace dat, tvorba mapy

Abstract: Tento kurz navazuje na kurz Geografické informační systémy I, rozšiřuje a prohlubuje znalosti a schopnosti studentů v oblasti GIS, zejména s ohledem na předpokládané základní zaměření bakalářské práce (především rozdělení na tři větve: fyzická, sociální geografie a geoinformatika). V průběhu kurzu budou studenti seznámeni s rozšiřujícími nástroji (extenzemi) pro analýzy prostorových dat v programovém prostředí ESRI ArcGIS. Výstupem kurzu je semestrální projekt, v rámci něhož student demonstruje získané poznatky a dovednosti z oblasti principů pokročilých analýz prostorových dat. Studenti si mohou také zapsat související předmět Geoinformatika.

Keywords: GIS, geoprocessing, mapová algebra, interpolace prostorových dat, digitální model terénu, osnovy cvičení

Abstract: Učební text určeny pro studenty 1. a 2. ročníku oboru Geografie a Kartografie na PřF UK, dále pak pro účastníky kurzů pořadaných v rámci projektu CITT Praha (viz další projekty). Úvod kapitoly: Připustíme-li, že kartografie je zahrnuta v celém geoinformačním procesu právě v podobě výstupních funkcí GIS, pak by obsahem této kapitoly měla být především vizualizace dat a vytváření mapových výstupů. Potřeba prezentace, tedy i vizualizace toho, co uživatel v GIS vytvoří, je prostě nevyhnutelná. Bohužel se GIS stejně jako ostatní produkty informačních technologií dostaly do rukou lidí, kteří nemají ani potřebné základy kartografie. Jestliže se v minulých stoletích upustilo od kresebné tvorby kartografických děl, pak přelom 20. a 21. století je dobou odklonu od analogové tvorby kartografických děl. S tím souvisí všechny klady i zápory. Na jedné straně se tím nesmírně zjednodušil, zefektivnil (počet zaměstnanců firem lze snížit) a zrychlil proces tvorby, na straně druhé každý univerzální nástroj (a tím je i GIS) vnucuje svému uživateli tzv. defaultní nastavení, které nemusí vždy splňovat a dokonce nesplňuje kritéria příslušného účelu kartografického díla. V nápovědě se uživatel dozví postupy (aneb co dělá jaké tlačítko a v jakém pořadí je třeba tlačítka stisknout), v odborných časopisech tvůrců a distributorů zase spíše čteme, jaké nové funkce aplikace obsahuje. My chceme ovšem více, my chceme spojit základy kartografie a její pravidla s nástrojem, kterým bezesporu GIS je.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to create a model of Bachelor thesis as an illustration of such type of work in compliance with the requirements of the Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Cartography. This model can serve students as a guideline. In the first part we analyse the ISO 690 international standards and compile the ISO standards used at the Department, including examples of citations of bibliographic references for various types of documents. In the second part we specify the typographical rules used at the Department, with special attention given to “areas of high difficulty”, especially to punctuation. Authentic tables, pictures, maps and other frequently used supplements to texts are used for illustration. The reader is, therefore, provided with brief and clear preview of requirements for thesis writing, regarding both form and contents.

Keywords: thesis, citation standards, typography, thesis structure, thesis writing rules

Abstract: The 130-year history of organized Czech geography is undoubtedly connected not only with the exchange of many generations but also with changes in discourse and the development of research topics. As the analysis of the research project database shows, the range of topics of current interest to geographers is extraordinary. The interdisciplinarity of research is also evident from the frequent collaboration between geographers and experts from other fields.

Keywords: geographical research, project database, interdisciplinarity, practice of geographers

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Abstract: Contribution to cultural cartography: the European character of navigation and map orientation are already an integral part of the global paradigm in cartography. On the other side of the world, however, there are still, not only in collective memory, other cultural variants of understanding of geographical space.

Keywords: cultural cartography, navigation, Marshall Islands, Oceania, Papua New Guinea

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Abstract: Regions are main building blocks of larger territorial units, but they also display high dynamics affecting how regional identities can be studied. The regional dynamics and multilayered nature ultimately require new approaches to their visual representation. The goal of this article is to present a novel approach to visual presentation of the administrative regions´ dynamics by cartographic means of representation in a synthetic map that can assist in the research of regional identities. We adopt the theory of the institutionalisation of regions, the administrative division of the state is a process in which the borders and names of regions are constantly transformed causing changes in the perception of the population. Then we analyse the laws on administrative division reforms and old/historical map documents. This enabled us to identify the dynamics of individual borders and names of administrative regions (choronyms) that form spaces with a higher or lower degree of stability. We propose a visualisation approach to represent such dynamics, and we assert that through cartographic visualisation of the degree of transformation in these spaces it is possible to get an insight into population´s awareness about the named regions and their delimitation.

Keywords: administrative region, perceptual/vernacular region, regional dynamics, border, cartographic representation

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Abstract: The article discusses the positive and negative impacts of protected natural areas on the demographic and general development of communities. The case from Papua New Guinea shows what positives and negatives nature conservation brings to communities that have relatively small material requirements compared to those of our society.

Keywords: Papua New Guinea, nature conservation, national park, culture

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Abstract: Current global trends belong to important branches of economic research. This article discusses changes among different parts of the world: do these changes increase or decrease over time? Are convergent trends more important within the global system than the divergent ones or vice versa? Changes are examined on the base of so-called world’s macro-regions over the period 1970–2018, when the bipolar world has changed into a unipolar one and is currently moving towards multipolarity. The study aims to determine which global processes show divergent/convergent trends using different methodological approaches. It also discusses and explains the changing character of trends over time. The authors reach conclusions that exclude one-sidedness of the observed development trends, which derive from the multiplicity of factors influencing them.

Keywords: global processes, world economy, economic development, divergence and convergence

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Abstract: The aim of the presented study is to evaluate the influence of the quality of visuals in printed geography textbooks on the character of children’s conceptions using the example of the geographical location concept. Visuals are a graphical representation of a certain phenomenon. A two-tier diagnostic test without and with three types of high and low quality physical-geographical visuals was used to achieve this objective. The research study among elementary school students (n = 434) has shown that students are mostly unable to work effectively with visuals due to their inappropriate properties such as headline quality or factual errors.

Keywords: visual, geography textbook, learning from visuals, misconception, children’s conceptions

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Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify the key terms used by textbook authors when presenting desert biomes and, subsequently, to visualise the relationships between them using a conceptual map. To achieve this objective, we assessed geography textbooks using conceptual maps, which can be used to conceptualise this topic. The method used is innovative in textbook research and can be used to present results in a visual form with added value. A total of eleven university students created conceptual maps for each of the five analysed textbooks, and this was followed by a synthesis and comparison of the created maps. The effectiveness and clarity of the analysed content is one of the advantages of this visual form of analysis. The data were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that the presentation of desert biomes in the textbooks we analysed is somewhat superficial, as the authors do not strive to interconnect concepts from different areas, and their conceptual maps lack higher hierarchy levels. Therefore, textbook authors should opt for a different conceptual approach to explanatory texts instead of the traditional coverage of the individual components of geographical environments.

Keywords: geography textbook, textbook analysis, desert, conceptual mapping

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Abstract: The aim of the paper is to evaluate the state of children’s conceptions and possible misconceptions regarding spatial contexts of deserts among lower secondary school students. To fulfill the aim, a combination of two research methods was used, namely the analysis of children’s drawings and mental mapping. It is this combination of methods that can identify the spatial context of children’s conceptions of pupils with different assumptions. The results of the study carried out among 592 respondents show that pupils have a very stereotyped and glorified concept of the desert; individuals imagine the desert mainly as a sandy area with minimal rainfall and typical flora and fauna, such as cactus, palm tree, camel, etc. The vast majority of students are able to locate deserts in North Africa, but in other regions they have a problem with localization. A common misconception is the localization of deserts in the region of central South America, i.e., in the region where tropical rainforests are found.

Keywords: children’s conceptions, desert, mental map, misconception, children’s drawing

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Abstract: The system of didactic aids for working with maps, which consists of the Pupil’s Atlas, Workbook and Teacher’s Guide, is a new opportunity for geographic education at the lower secondary education (ISCED 2). The authors present the concept of the system, including its implementation in practice and visions for the future.

Keywords: school atlas, workbook, teacher’s guide, working with a map, creating tasks with a map

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Abstract: The article introduces the Czech historiographical work called the Czech Historical Atlas and presents its analysis in terms of its concept, structure and technical layout. The primary focus is on the atlas content and its subdivision into thematic and logical sections or the semiological structure of the used space. Last but not least, the cartographic and technical aspects of the atlas format are also analysed, including, for example, the analysis of used scales or cartographic projections. The findings are presented through a series of visuals and interpreted in the context of the thematic concept of the atlas. The authors’ aim is to present the currently not much addressed structural analysis of a cartographic atlas, which allows revealing the potential for the innovation of an original cartographic work.

Keywords: Historiography, atlas cartography, Czech Historical Atlas, cartographic semiology

RIV: https://doi.org/10.14311/CEJ.2021.01.0027

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Abstract: This article introduces a research carried out in eight Central European countries (which were considered “Central European” by the authors and referred to as Central European in the most relevant literature), where students marked the borders of Central Europe using mental maps based on their subjective perception. The article presents the resulting region delimitation, aggregated on the basis of these maps, compares the differences in the delimitation of Central Europe in individual countries and suggest some explanations of these differences.

Keywords: Central Europe, mental map, spatial perception, delimitation, region, borders

Abstract: The present study focuses on the ongoing shift in the meaning and importance of traditional Kalinga tattoos that is happening in Buscalan village in the Philippines. The starting point for the analysis is the conception of disintegration of “the aura”, as defined by Walter Benjamin, resulting from their disembedding from time and space that is caused by technological reproducibility of the artworks. The study shows that the basis of the aura of Buscalan tattoos is their relation to a successful headhunt. At present, tattoos in Buscalan are standing on the edge, because the high popularity of the last tattoo artist who tattooed the head-hunters leads to commodification of traditional tattoos and an increase in tourism in the particular area. The study describes a two-way process of disintegration and preservation of the aura of Buscalan tattoos: on the one hand, the tradition of tattooing headhunters has disappeared, but on the other hand, the aura of tattoos is preserved thanks to audiovisual means and sharing on social networking sites. The “here and now ”of the place and its tattoos is being transferred into the hyper-reality where Buscalan tattoos are gaining a new dimension.

Keywords: Philippines, tattoo, aura of tattoo, commodification, tradition

RIV: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajss.2021.04.001

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Abstract: The article deals with changing differences among the world’s macro-regions. It examines whether these differences tend to expand or not. Do convergent or divergent trends prevail within the global system? Changes are studied on the basis of the so-called world’s macro-regions that have a high degree of social, economic, and cultural homogeneity. In the parts ʻThe Forming of the World’s Macro-Regionsʼ and ʻThe Typology of the World’s Macro-Regionsʼ the authors explain different macro-regions including their typology. The core part of this article critically evaluates trends in the development of the world’s macro-regions; changes in the basic indicators in different macro-regions between 1990 and 2016 are explained. Contradictory trends (divergence and convergence) often appear. The findings are further discussed in a broader geopolitical framework.

Keywords: the complexity of the world, divergence and convergence, global processes, typology, world’s macro-regions

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Abstract: Economic maps in school atlases are specific types of maps that represent extra-complex maps with multi-layer and fast-developing content over time. The objective of this article is to discuss a multi-stage curriculum in connection with the results of an assessment of the usability of economic maps by lower and upper secondary school students. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire and didactic test on a sample of 120 lower secondary school and 73 upper secondary school students in Czechia. Differing results among two age groups were mainly in the identification of cartographic signs; as a key factor for the correct identification of cartographic signs, a combination of alphanumeric and geometric features has been shown. On the other hand, significant differences were not identified in the question of suitability of colouring cartographic signs. The survey results show that the map key of economic maps should be designed in multiple stages with regard to the appropriateness and comprehensibility of cartographic signs for students of both age groups. This study proves that preparing specific geographic atlases for lower and upper secondary school students can play a key role in the teaching of geography.

Keywords: economic map, map key, school atlas, curriculum, geography education

RIV: https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2019.1660472

Abstract: Borders are one of the general concepts used in a number of disciplines. Therefore, understanding the meaning of borders in the context of particular fields is crucial. The spatial context of understanding borders, which is highly important for geographers, then takes on a whole new dimension.

Keywords: borders, culture, territorial identity, development of borders

Abstract: Current global trends are in the focus of scientific research. This article deals with one of the crucial problems: do the differences among different parts of the world tend to grow or not? In other words, what prevails globally: divergent or convergent processes? Global changes are studied in specially designated parts of the world, so-called world’s macro-regions. Changes in the period 1970-2016 (when multipolar world has replaced the bipolar one) are examined. Using different methodical approaches, the study aims to clarify which global process are rather divergent/convergent and how these processes look like in different world’s macro-regions. For several reasons, especially in the pursuit of economic growth and the fulfillment of geopolitical interests, today several states and macro-regions are trying not only to gain regional dominance, but also to gain the position of a global world player. Changing character of global trends are discussed, too.

Keywords: global processes, divergence and convergence, differences throughout the world, world’s macro-regions

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Abstract: An analysis of cultural change and generation gaps in the local community of the Nungon ethnic group in the state of Papua New Guinea will be the subject of the study. This ethnic group came into contact with Europeans for the first time in the mid-1930s. The pace of cultural changes within the community has been gradually increasing. For example, the local animistic cult has been replaced with Christianity, school attendance has been introduced in the villages of Nungon, travel opportunities have become more accessible, and as the mobile signal has recently been introduced, Nungon residents can now connect to the internet and access information about the globalised world. Those who remember the colonial period still live in the community and many of them are still illiterate, with only limited knowledge of Pidgin English, the lingua franca of Papua New Guinea. On the other hand, the youngest generation can study in cities or experiment with social media and share information there. The aim of the paper is not only to show intergenerational differences, but also to document the local history and its ties to particular generations and show the role the generational memory played in illiterate societies with unwritten history. The only existing written and photographic documents were created by colonial officers. The study will show the transformation of the Nungon community from the time of photographs kept in boxes to the youngest generation, which keeps photographs in mobile phones and shares them on social media.

Keywords: generation gap, Papua New Guinea, cultural change, colonialism, christianity, education, Chinese influence

RIV: DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/se-2019-0012

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Abstract: The aim of the article is to assess the quality of visualisation of geomorphology, hydrology and agriculture of Czechia through maps, schemes and photographs in geography textbooks for ISCED 1 and ISCED 2 levels of education. A total of 15 geography textbooks were selected and a total of 90 visuals from these textbooks were analysed. The scaling method according to defined criteria relating to the concept of usability was applied. The data obtained through scaling was subsequently statistically analysed. The outcomes of the statistical analysis show that the quality of visualisation in textbooks for the older cohort is higher than in textbooks for younger students. The quality of the assessed visuals is linked especially to the tradition of publishing houses, as visuals in textbooks published by publishers with relatively long tradition are of a higher quality than those by publishers with shorter tradition and therefore less experience with publishing textbooks. Differences in the quality between individual types of visuals or themes are not statistically significant.

Keywords: visual, geography textbook, quantitative content analysis, textbook analysis, geography education

RIV: DOI: 10.33403/rigeo.509255

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Abstract: The study focusses on the theoretical and empirical analysis of food as a cultural phenomenon at the global, macro-regional, and local levels. The study is divided into three imaginary sections. In the first one, the authors focus on the first and the second level of the hierarchization, and they describe the regionalization of sustainable foods. In the second section, the authors focus on sustainable foods in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and methods in which they are processed, as well as on the impacts of colonization and globalization on the transformations of traditional diet by that state ́s population. Attention is paid mainly to biscuits, instant noodles, rice, tea, and coffee. The last section focusses on the local level, and it demonstrates, using the example of the Nungon ethnic group, how industrial foods penetrate the villagers ́ diet. The last section is based on fieldwork conducted by the authors there. Special attention is also paid to the rhythm and ways of nourishment, the selection and procession of foods for special occasions, and to the tabooization of several foods. The conclusion of the study focusses on the PNG Made brand, which began to be applied on industrial foods and drinks that are not imported, but produced locally.

Keywords: change of subsistence, colonialism, globalization, staple foods, PNG Made, Papua New Guinea (PNG)

Abstract: One of the most important components of the textbook are visuals which might facilitate the learning process. In some cases, however, due to their inconvenient structure misconceptions might arise. The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate how convenient the structure of visuals represented in the curriculum in Czech geography textbooks is. For this purpose, we have used an expert evaluation of visuals in 16 textbooks by the quantitative content analysis method; visuals were categorised into groups based on four analysis criteria: type of visual, headline, thematic focus and colour; we were also interested in the space assigned to visuals in the textbook. The results of the analysis show that the key feature in geography textbooks are photographs; whose educational value is far less in comparison to other kinds of visuals. The amount of visuals without any heading is rather alarming. In contrast, there is a high proportion of coloured visuals which might have a positive effect on the learning outcome.

Keywords: Visual, Textbook analyses, Visual component of the textbook ;, Visual research, Geography textbook

RIV: https://doi.org/10.21344/iartem.v11i2.587

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Abstract: A new large historical atlas on the Czech and Czechoslovak history of the 20th century is currently being prepared under the project of the Czech Historical Atlas. In this article, the authors introduce the basic research-analytic part of preparation of this cartographic work. It is based on the extensive research and subsequent analysis of the already published and similarly focused Czech (Czechoslovak) and foreign historical atlases, which gave the team sources of inspiration for processing the concept of the new atlas. The choice, the subsequent description and the analysis were achieved by the application of predetermined criteria. The result is a large database of selected historical atlases produced in the whole world after 1950, which contains more than 400 items. In addition to the standard bibliographic description, it contains a series of further characteristics (methods of thematic cartography, applied scale series, etc.) and references to the excerpts. The authors have decided to make the database freely available on a web portal, because they assume that it can be broadly used for research leading to development in the area of atlas cartography.

Keywords: historical atlas; analysis of atlases; conception of atlas; Czech Historical Atlas

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Abstract: The article is a review study. Its aim is to define and critically evaluate the methodological approaches of visual research in geography textbooks. Another aim of this study is to summarize the main conclusions of selected studies. There is a clear terminological inconsistency in naming the visual component of textbooks. Altogether 92 studies in Czech and English were analysed without time and territory specifications. Multidisciplinary full-text databases EBSCO, WoS, SCOPUS, ERIC, ProQuest and Geobibline) were searched using a combination of keywords in Czech and English language. The analysis of the research shows that the expert assessments prevail in the research using predominantly quantitative methods, especially quantitative content analysis of visuals; a questionnaire and a didactic test are of major importance in the quantitative user assessment have questionnaire and the didactic test. In addition, unequal distribution of visually-oriented research textbook across age groups was found; a neglected area of research is assessment or analysis of textbooks for the ISCED 1 age group. According to the results of the analysed studies, photographs are the most important visuals in geography textbooks; although the map is one of the typical geographical visual, its share on the total number of visuals in textbooks is relatively low.

Keywords: visuals, geography textbook, homeland study textbook, textbook with geographic content, review study

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Abstract: The authors focus on the current differentiation of the world and on its cognitive, application and educational frameworks and importance for the present. Macro-regional differentiation of the world has resulted from geographic concepts and it is a foundation for understanding the global development of society. This article evaluates the specific concepts and factors that form concepts of world macro-regions prepared by famous authors. It also presents a methodological approach for macro-regional forming of the world. After a theoretical and methodological introduction there is a discussion of the differentiation of the world entitled “Macro-regional differentiation of the world – formation and application.ˮ The authors also present their conception of world differentiation and evaluation of the creation macro-regions and their positive and negative influence of the macro-regional differentiation of the world.

Keywords: regional geography; geography of the world; differentiation of the world; global macro-regions; concepts and factors of regionalization

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Abstract: The study seeks to explain how evidence-based knowledge about learning from visual material can be utilized by way of improving the visuals used in geography education. The aim of this narrative review is to find out: a) the theoretical foundations of learning from visuals, b) how to operationalize geographical visuals in a way that would facilitate research on school instruction and inform the production of textbooks and atlases, c) to identify (based on the state of the art) some domain specific recommendations contributing to more understandable and pupil-friendly static visualization of geographical phenomena. The methodology is based on the review of literature related to the domains of cognitive psychology, educational science, and geography education. In the concluding part, it is suggested how the findings of our study may contribute to the improvement of visuals in geography education.

Keywords: geography education, didactics of geography, visuals, visualisation

Abstract: This article is a continuation of the same authors’ study entitled ‘Concepts And Delimitation Of The World’s Macro-Regions’ prepared for the 1/2018 of this journal (Anděl et al. 2018). The main aim of the first part was an evaluation of the concepts and factors which have been used as a basis for the delimitation of the different macro-regions of the world. In this second part, the authors propose their own macro-regionalisation of the world – this is a combination of four concepts, with relatively different contents: those of De Blij and Muller (1997), Cole (1996), Huntington (1996) and Hampl (2009). This macro-regionalisation arises from sociocultural affiliation, economic interrelationships and territorial continuity. Along with the concept of the macro-regional differentiation of the world itself, we focus on evaluating the importance of the shaping of macro-regions, as well as assessing the positive and negative features of individual concepts and their influence on the macro-regional differentiation of the world.

Keywords: regional geography, geography of the world, differentiation of the world, global macro-regions, concepts and factors of regionalization

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Abstract: This study uses participatory research in spatial anthropology. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the possibilities in using maps in ethnology and anthropology, and to introduce the potential of the interdisciplinary cooperation of cartographers and geographers with ethnologists and anthropologists. In addition, the authors try to demonstrate the influence of maps and visual information on the life of a local community and local education using examples. In their study, the authors show the results of the field research which they carried out together on the Nungon community in Papua New Guinea. The authors show that sharing the results of the research with the participants may generate other research questions and bring new research topics in spatial anthropology.

Keywords: spatial anthropology, mental maps, visuality, Papua New Guinea

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Abstract: Visual information plays a crucial role in our lives. Representation of this information (visuals) is a part of our culture, and the culture, in addition to the biological basis of personality, defines how we behave, how we act, how we learn and how we perceive. Geography is one of the disciplines that we cannot imagine without the presence of visuals (schemes, graphs, photographs or maps). The aim of the article is to show the importance of visuals not only in geography and their influence on the perception of the world around us. It only depends on us how meaningfully we can use the visual information

Keywords: visual information, visuals, culture, visual perception, visual geographical information

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Abstract: This article visits the oft-discussed issue of determining a territory’s midpoint, using the example of Czechia. A variety of methods along with a variety of natural and social manifestations can be used to yield differing midpoints. Moreover, a large number of factors need to be accounted for to determine the midpoint of a territory (i.e. the exactness of the method, determining boundaries or the variability of boundaries). The authors present a collection of maps that describe a selection of Czechia’s midpoints and explain the methods behind them.

Keywords: Czechia’s midpoint, determining a territory’s midpoint, core, GIS, population center, network analysis, digital relief model

Abstract: Postcrossing is a project that combines modern information technology with a traditional postal service. It allows to users to exchange postcards worldwide. In the first section, this article explores the spatial differentiation of this project. The created maps make it possible to interpret primary factors that influence the number of postcrossing users and their activity in the project. The second part of the article focuses on the use of the Postcrossing in secondary schools and working with visual materials (postcards)

Keywords: Postcrossing, geographical education, postcard, visuals

Abstract: Objective of the paper is a study of effects of selected historical events on spatial behaviour of members of Nungon community (Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea). Authors argue that two particular historical events – the religious conflict and the relocation of a village to the new place – are continuously affecting daily life of the community; authors further argue that is possible to see the effect of the events in geographical space. The arguments are based on results of the fieldwork carried out by authors in Papua New Guinea; they had focused on construction of genealogical ties in community and mapping of geographical space of the village. Aim of the paper is to present innovative methodology enabling study of expression of historical events and social relations in geographical space.

Keywords: history, geographical space, genealogy, ethnohistory, Papua New Guinea

Abstract: This study presents a cultural-geographical view of national cuisine and defines regions of the world in terms of the basic foods they eat, taking into account basic subsistence strategies: hunting and gathering or pastoral farming and cultivation. It pays particular attention to the development of European eating patterns from Ancient Rome to the present time, emphasizing the formation of the concept of so-called national foods. Whereas European national cuisines depended, historically, on the availability of foods and local customs, they are now much more subject to globalization.

Keywords: national cuisine, food culture, subsistence strategies, national food

Abstract: Flash floods are natural hazards that may last only a few hours, but their sudden onset often results in severe impacts on society and the environment. Therefore, efforts to reduce flash flood-related losses have primarily focused on the compilation of emergency operation plans (EOPs). Conversely, there have been only a few attempts to provide cartographic representations of EOPs in order to show the spatial context of crisis operations. In the present map and its commentary, we describe a pilot study of flash flood household labelling for use in emergency operations carried out in Chrastava town, Northern Czechia. Analyses of existing geographical databases, together with detailed field surveys, have been performed to map relevant characteristics of 1110 buildings in terms of their location, function, number of residents and degree of flood hazard, as well as the presence of floodprotection measures. The map sheet is composed of the main map (overview of flood extent and impacts) and three supplementary maps (technical and social vulnerability of buildings), and the map key is designed to facilitate strategic planning and directing of emergency operations in the study area.

Keywords: Flood, labelling, household, emergency management, Czechia

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Abstract: At times, changes happen to the organization of states or other territorial entities. Such changes should be reflected within geography instruction. This article presents an interesting method for assessing student knowledge in areas of regional geography with the help of mental maps and GIS. This assessment can be done both before and after teaching certain content, allowing for meaningful comparison. The authors conducted the assessment at several primary and secondary schools in Czechia and used the described methods to define the, as yet, little-known Southern Ocean.

Keywords: mental maps, Southern Ocean, teaching evaluation, regional geography, GIS

Abstract: The use of mental maps in geographical instruction has been presented a number of times on the pages of Geografické rozhledy. This article presents mental maps as a universal tool for teaching about local regions, evaluating an area and indicating the regional identity of students. Advantages of mental maps, beyond their relatively simple application, include the development of a broad range of geographical skills and the integration of a wide variety of instructional methods. The authors provide a number of suggestions for instructional application.

Keywords: local identity, student preferences, areal evaluation, mental maps, local regions, GIS

Abstract: Similar to postage stamps, banknotes can be a valuable source of information about the world’s countries and their symbols. In addition to the great variety of cultural symbols of the various cultures of Papua New Guinea, the country’s banknotes also demonstrate a far-reaching cultural change, which is a result of its colonial past and present processes of globalization. This article makes a spatial analysis of cultural artefacts based on Papua New Guinea’s provinces to describe this change.

Keywords: banknotes, cultural artefact, cultural diversity, cultural change, Papua New Guinea

Abstract: The paper deals with the issue of perception and delimitation of Central Europe (CE). The first part discusses basic concepts and conceptions of CE, which are crucial in this respect. Attention is then paid to differences in the perception of CE by individual nations and their reasons. The following empirical part of the study compares theoretical knowledge with conclusions from the research. This research was carried out through a questionnaire survey collecting mental maps of selected individuals. The respondents were senior high school students and first year university students from eight CE countries. Their task was to mark the boundaries of CE based on their subjective perception on a map of Europe. A total of 490 mental maps were received, analysed and aggregated to GIS map outputs. The final part compares and interprets the results and reflects on how and why the results differ in individual countries and to which extent they match hypothetical assumptions of ‘national’ perceptions of CE.

Keywords: Central Europe, spatial perception, mental maps, spatial concepts, GIS analysis

Abstract: Transformations in the spatial organization of elementary education in Czechia over the last 50 years are examined in this article, via case studies of two rural regions (Turnov district and Zábřeh district). The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of general development trends in elementary schools in territorial detail. Changes in the spatial distribution of schools, the size of school catchment areas, and the main education-related commuter flows are analyzed and visualized in cartographic form, in the context of educational policy and management.

Keywords: elementary education; educational policy; school patterns; catchment areas; rural areas; Turnov district; Zábřeh district; Czechia

Abstract: The aim of the article is to present and evaluate several methodological techniques available to measure and cartographically depict the elementary school service in a region. The Přerov district in Moravia was selected as a study area. In the district, a relatively dense network of elementary schools is available, which is composed of either comprehensive nine-year schools, or particularly, small rural schools with only several grades. In the article the schools’ incidence and capacity are analyzed with regard to their future potential development. Several hierarchical levels of school centers are discussed and identified.

Keywords: school provision, elementary schools pattern, catchment area, Přerov district, Czechia

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Abstract: This article explores current and historical development of the Winter Olympic Games and seeks to shed light on various geographical aspects of the games. A number of graphs and maps complement the text. They document various countries’ success and suggest relationships between geographical features of the various states and their citizens and winter Olympic success.

Keywords: Winter Olympic Games, geographic dimension, assessment of world countries

Abstract: The article deals with selected issues relating to the provision and accessibility of primary education in rural, non-exposed areas. These issues are examined from the viewpoint that various conditions force even public education to be guided by certain principles of the free market (e.g. competing for clients), although its actions in this respect are simultaneously rather constrained. The article sets out to analyse the primary education market in a model region Turnov (situated in Czechia) in relation to the type of catchment area. It discusses the pitfalls of public school marketisation, and it analyses the spatial distribution of schools in the model region and the schools’ jurisdictions based on the different types of catchment areas, which are defined and created in the form of cartographic visualisation. The article also examines four municipalities with small rural school as case studies selected on the basis of representing different types of catchment area. The authors discuss the findings of in-depth interviews that were conducted with headmasters, school operators, and some parents in the four municipalities in order to identify the strategies that schools can use to strengthen their position in the primary education market. The authors find that not only do schools’ marketing strategies vary little depending on their geographical location but the majority of schools in the case study have not formulated a unique and systematic vision and mission for their school. The principal features of all the schools studied are their self-identification in opposition to the culture of urban schools.

Keywords: primary schools, rural space, marketisation, catchment area, Czechia, Turnov region

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Abstract: This article informs readers about the current status of ongoing discussions concerning cartographic productions for schools in Czechia. These discussions focus primarily on the creation of school atlases, wall maps and modern cartographic aids for classroom instruction. A number of experts have shared their point-of-view on the topic along with teachers of geography from elementary and grammar schools. The first section of the article examines the point-of-view of experts concerning cartographic products for schools, while the second section focuses on teacher perspectives.

Keywords: cartographic products for schools, discussion, Czechia

Abstract: This article informs readers about the current status of ongoing discussions concerning cartographic productions for schools in Czechia. These discussions focus primarily on school atlases, wall maps and modern cartographic aids for classroom instruction. A number of experts have shared their point-of-view on the topic along with teachers of geography from elementary and secondary schools. The first section of the article examines the point-of-view of experts concerning cartographic products for schools, while the second section focuses on teacher perspectives.

Keywords: cartographic products for schools, discussion, Czechia

Abstract: This article describes major changes in the organization and rules of the Geography Olympiad in its recently announced 18th year: 2015-2016. The “Materials” section of the Geografické rozhledy website contains proposed topics and suggestions for the school-level rounds of the contest.

Keywords: Geography Olympiad, international geographical contest, organization and rules, advancement key

Abstract: Generally, the Olympic Games are viewed as a symbol, encouraging world peace and promoting global cooperation among nations. Baron Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games tradition actively encouraged such views. It seems, however, that the Games geopolitical role is just as significant and in many cases even supersedes lofty aspirations of world peace.

Keywords: Summer Olympic Games, geopolitics, global differences, assessment of world countries

Abstract: The article presents an overview of select cartographic products from Germany, assessing their quality in comparison with Czech equivalents. In addition, the author reflects on the availability and usability of cartographic works in education.

Keywords: cartographic production, online products, Germany, school atlases

Abstract: This article provides methodological support for the creation of simple graphical assignments: route sketches, panoramic sketches and hand-drawn maps, during field geography instruction. The article includes examples of the above-listed types of graphical assignments.

Keywords: field geography instruction, route sketch, panoramic sketch, hand-drawn maps

Abstract: Colour is considered a key means of expression for use in cartographic works. This is because colours and the relations among them influence not only the aesthetic impression a map creates but also its overall utility. In addition to Newton’s spectral colour theory, today theories with origins in artistic technique are gaining ground in cartography. This article introduces J. Itten’s colour theory (first published in 1961 in The Art of Colour [Kunst der Farbe]) with special attention given to his concept of seven colour contrasts. The article also discusses the suitability and unsuitability of their application in practical cartography, and it contributes original examples employing thematic maps, a discipline with broad possibilities for the application of these inventive methods by today’s mapmakers.

Keywords: colour in cartography, colour contrast, colour theory, Johannes Itten, thematic maps

Abstract: Aim of the study is the map as one of the visual models of (not merely) reality, that speaks its language and content. If the map is seen as an image, it is not only the result of a more or less objective recording of area, but also the expression of the individual, respectively culture, from which the relevant individual comes from. The study is based on research, within which mental maps of individuals of selected cultures (Czechia, Western Europe, New Guinea) were studied. This research has shown, inter alia, a gradual cultural unification of map styles and in its findings is also apparent conflict between cultural originality and international cartographic conventions, although this fact lost none, as it seems, utility value of maps.

Keywords: cultural diversity, cultural unification, map style, mental map, cross-cultural research

Abstract: This article informs readers about a ceremonial exchange system in Melanesia known as kula. Kula can be viewed in a number of ways: as a system of social communication, a competition for prestige or a system for re-circulating material goods. The article focuses on two differing interpretations of kula, from Bronislaw Malinowski and Reo Fortune.

Keywords: Melanesia, cultural geography, kula, Bronislaw Malinowski, Reo Fortune

Abstract: Na počátku 20. let minulého století ing. Josef Křovák vytvořil jako předseda triangulační kanceláře zobrazení, které mělo při převodu obrazu zemského povrchu tehdejšího Československa do roviny co nejméně zkreslovat úhly a vzdálenosti. Od roku 1933 bylo toto zobrazení používáno jako definitivní a stalo se základem pro souřadnicový systém S-JTSK používaný ve státním resortu. Ačkoliv se území našeho státu od té doby mnohokrát změnilo, Křovákovo zobrazení je dodnes stálicí v rámci zobrazování území České republiky. Vzhledem k tomu, že je základní digitální vektorová geografická databáze České republiky (ArcČR) realizována právě v Křovákově zobrazení, naučili se čeští uživatelé GIS toto zobrazení používat prakticky pro všechny své mapové produkty. Bohužel skoro nikdo neřešil vhodnost či nevhodnost tohoto zobrazení pro mapy menších měřítek, které se používají například v geografii. Autor příspěvku poukazuje na to, jak může používání Křovákova zobrazení v mapách menších měřítek díky tomu, že není orientované na sever, negativně ovlivnit mentální mapu českých uživatelů mapových produktů. Dokládá to i výsledky šetření mezi uživateli. Zároveň upozorňuje na neopodstatněnost používání tohoto zobrazení v mapách malých měřítek, kde je požadavek na délkové zkreslení v řádu maximálně desítek centimetrů irelevantní. Konečně navrhuje možnosti řešení za použití osvědčených kartografických zobrazení nabízených v produktu ArcGIS.

Keywords: Křovák projection, GIS, pupils, cognitive map

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Abstract: The article tries to answer the question of whether the current trend to label a map primarily as a carrier of (spatial) information does not reduce the map itself and its functions. It is based on the concept of cartography, relatively less known in the Czech and Slovak environment, of a Scottish cartographer John Stanley Keates (1925–1999). He introduced his concept of cartography, particularly in his pivotal publication, Understanding Maps. In principle, Keates does not contradict the theory of information, but at the same time however, he states that this theory to describe a map and its functions is just not enough. In his opinion, a map, as an artefact of human activity, can be seen now in several modes. As visual information, a symbolic representation, means of communication, artistic work and a product of human skill. Most of these modes use similar constructs, on one side, is the cartographer, or the creator of the map, the map is a specific mediator and the map user is on the other side. These modes, however, differ in their basic philosophy. There is alternation of visuality, semiotics, linguistics, aesthetics and technology. J. S. Keates when trying to summarize his lifelong research of cartographic production came to the conclusion that he had never paid attention primarily to communication, but above all to the representation of objects and phenomena. He believed that the product must be not only informationally effective but also aesthetically attractive.

Keywords: conception of cartography, John Stanley Keates, cartographic information, theory of cartographic communication, art and cartography, culture, society

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Abstract: This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of creating maps with traditional GIS software, considering the means of map representation. Readers are provided with instructions on how to choose the correct means of map representation like correct method of thematic cartography to express quantity × quality and to express absolute × relative values of the phenomenon.

Keywords: GIS, map creation, means of map representation, choropleth, diagram map, cartographic semiology

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Abstract: The article provides an extensive analysis of the possibilities for the graphic presentation of time in animated cartographic works. After a brief introduction presenting the problem of time and action within the framework of cartographic production, the article mentions methods commonly used for the expression of time in cartographic animations and indicates their weakness: as a rule, these methods don’t reflect the temporo-spatial progression of events that a cartographic work strives to capture. The article then proposes a general approach recommended for the design and creation of temporal legends for animated maps in order to eliminate this flaw. This general approach is then applied to a sample group of cartographic works that depict historical battles.

Keywords: time, cartography, temporal legend, animated map, battle

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Abstract: This article presents the possibilities of assessments of mental maps using geographic information system tools (GIS). At first, it is necessary to define which mental maps and under what conditions they can be assessed in GIS. Also presented are several different methods of assessing shape and positioning accuracy of mental maps, which are based on GIS methods. The methods have been created with emphasis on the highest possible versatility and automation of the assessment process. For each proposed method, its advantages, disadvantages and potential applications are discussed. In the conclusion, the appropriateness of general use of GIS in this field is under discussion.

Keywords: mental map (sketch map), GIS, assessment of accuracy

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Abstract: This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of creating maps with traditional GIS software, considering the map key. Readers are provided with instructions on how to create map key in GIS software with the possibility of applications in another maps. This article also describes the difference between map key a map legend.

Keywords: GIS, map creation, map key, map legend

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Abstract: This article presents a study which observes the notions of Czech elementary and secondary school students’ about the spatial layout and geography of Czechia. Findings of the study’s three basic phases are presented in the article: a contents analysis of the students’ individual mental maps; an analysis of the accuracy with which the students depicted Prague, the capital city, within these maps; and an analysis of the maps expressing where students would prefer to live. A special characteristic of this study is its focus on the cartographic representation of the results. The first phase of the study makes use of aggregated mental maps; the second uses GIS to measure aberrations in the locating of Prague on individual mental maps from Prague’s “correct” location; and the third again uses aggregated mental maps and employs a map key to represent student preferences for specific locations.

Keywords: mental map, geography education, cartographic representation, living preferences, Czechia

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Abstract: This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of creating maps with traditional GIS software, in this case, with a focus on map lettering. Readers are provided with instructions on how to modify the placement of map lettering and how to rotate it along geographic axes (graticule). The article also describes basic rules for the placement of map lettering.

Keywords: GIS, map creation, map lettering

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Keywords: sanctuary, Catholic church, map creation, GIS

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Abstract: This articles presents the theme of the 2014 Geographical Olympiad: “Natural and social risks”. It details certain categories and selected examples of risks and risk processes. These are further illustrated through a website with examples of possible competition tasks.

Keywords: geographical olympiad, natural risks, social risks

Abstract: This paper presents a method for assessing cartographic products by means of users’ mental maps, as well as the results of a study that applied this method. The method was tested on maps developed by leading Czech producers of tourist maps. The basis for this assessment were mental maps of two regions in Czechia – Český ráj and the Krkonoše Mountains – created by subjects in response to a questionnaire (161 respondents created 483 mental maps). The resulting material was then used to produce “aggregated mental maps” corresponding to specific hiking maps and regions. On the basis of the aggregated mental maps and aided by a multi-criteria assessment, results for respective maps were measured and presented together with concrete recommendations regarding specific elements of the maps’ contents.

Keywords: assessment of cartographic works, hiking maps, mental maps

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Abstract: Ve dnech 8.–9.9. 2011 se v Bratislavě uskutečnila již 19. kartografická konference pořádaná jednou za dva roky Kartografickou společností ČR a Kartografickou spoelčností SR střídavě v Česku a na Slovensku. Zpráva popisuje tuto akci a vybírá z příspěvků především ty zajímavé.

Keywords: conference, cartography, report from the action

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Abstract: V Kongresové centru v Praze proběhla ve dnech 9.–10. 11. 2011 za účasti 850 registrovaných účastníků již po dvacáté konference uživatelů produktů firmy ESRI. Zpráva podává informaci z akce a vybírá především zajímavé příspěvky z konference.

Keywords: conference, GIS, report from the action

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Abstract: The article describes the advantages and disadvantages of creating maps in GIS on the example of mathematical foundations of the map. Readers are provided with instructions, how to setup in GIS map projection for territory of Czechia.

Keywords: GIS, mathematical foundations of maps, map creation, map projection

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Abstract: Among other topics related to the visual aspect of cartographic products, current research addresses the problem of user friendliness. The most significant research concerns those products that evolve most rapidly, a typical example being interactive dynamic maps. This group of cartographic works includes products that are relatively challenging for users with respect to their temporally fluid content and the possibility of interactive manipulation. The article begins with a basic discussion of user-friendliness in cartographic products; in this context it addresses the historical development of the notion of cartography as a science, as well as the evolution of the ways in which it has been defined and of its subjects of interest. It demonstrates that, aside from notions of cartography as a technical discipline, it is also of interest from a linguistic point of view for its role as a means of communication between cartographer and map user. Still greater emphasis is placed on the design aspects of cartographic production. Next the article describes a study on the user-friendliness of temporal legends, which are very common in animated maps. The goal of this study, which was conducted during the summer of 2010, was not only to evaluate the given temporal legends, but also to investigate the extent to which users were able to work with temporal variables (with time) in a cartographic product. Among the tools for collecting data was a form of online test. This test posed questions to respondents and automatically measured the amount of time it took them to find their answers. This method was based on the assumption that, given two cartographic works containing similar content, the work which enables the user to find information more quickly is the more user-friendly of the two. The results of the test were then analyzed on the basis of an objective standard for comparing qualities in a cartography work. The authors conclude by suggesting future directions for research on the subject.

Keywords: cartography, study of user friendliness, temporal legend, time, cartographic animation

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Keywords: Cartographic letters, Papua-New Guinea, report

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Abstract: This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of creating maps with traditional GIS software, considering the compositional elements of a map. Readers are provided with instructions on how to appropriately compose maps using GIS, including insight on displaying geographic networks.

Keywords: GIS, compositional elements of a map

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Abstract: This study concerns an interdisciplinary analysis and interpretation of those mental maps created by pupils of an elementary school in the village of Yawan. This village is found in the province of Morobe in Papua New Guinea. The introduction provides an explanation of the context for the creation of these maps, i.e. a broader anthropological investigation in the village during the summer of 2009. As this study has an interdisciplinary character, the authors attempt to perform a comprehensive analysis of the maps. The cartographical focus of the study concerns map language, style, content, and other approaches to map composition, including in some cases its accuracy in terms of comparison with a photograph of the corresponding village. From an anthropological point of view, the goal is to contextualize mental maps within the ethnographic community of Yawan. Finally, the psychological analysis and interpretation of these mental maps focuses on them primarily as creative artefacts with regard to the use of drawing materials, colours and shapes in the drawing of maps.

Keywords: mental maps, anthropology, psychology, culture, Papua-New Guinea, Melanesia

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Abstract: The issue of mental maps on one hand, and assessment of cartographic works on the other are relatively well-known and have been discussed by a relatively high number of authors. However, is it possible to interconnect the knowledge and use it meaningfully? The paper tries to find answers to this question. Its primary objective is to reveal the users’ wishes and ideas about the content of maps. A proposal for the procedure of assessment of cartographic works in terms of aesthetics and user-friendliness is introduced, making use of mental maps by users. The question to what extent mental maps can be utilized as decisive for the finalisation of results is still left unanswered. Nevertheless, the paper presents one of input propositions of a research project carried out at the Charles University in Prague.

Keywords: mental maps, assessment of cartographic works, user-friendliness

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Abstract: The article deals with analysis of mental maps which were obtained by questioning athletes – orienteering runners. Using the prerequisite of measurability of their sports performance, it is possible to measure the accuracy of assessment methods of mental maps. Thirty mental maps were acquired via a two-section questionnaire; they were assessed with the help of two methods – frequency measurement and determined weights and criteria. The results of the first method were visualised using software into aggregated maps which enable an overall view. The second method provides individual point of view on each athlete and their performance abilities. Comparison of both methods proves the initial hypothesis.

Keywords: mental maps, cartographic assessment, orienteering, aggregated maps

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Abstract: Application and results of the methodology of cartographic works test evaluation from the esthetical and users helpfulness point of view. Methodology was tested on current Czech tourist and cycling maps. Except for test evaluation field examination was used among users; the marketability of single map series was also taken into account.

Keywords: assessment of cartographic works, user-friendliness, aesthetics in cartography, evaluation criteria, tourist maps

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Abstract: In those times when cartography did not make use of automated reproduction techniques cartographic products were considered works of art. Each cartographic work was original and their authors were rightfully referred to as ‘artists’. Due to letterpress and other automated techniques (which lead to the transition from traditional to computer-aided cartography) cartographic production abandoned the artistic dimension and has become a special-purpose activity. Moreover, cartographers were less and less independent as they had to conform to established norms. The status of these norms is much more long-term than that of norms followed e.g. in the area of fine art. Therefore, present-day aesthetics rightfully classifies cartographic production as the so called the non-artistic aesthetic. Creativity of authors themselves may seem to be closely connected with these facts. Our purpose is to disprove this hypothesis and point out various possibilities of creative expression in present-day cartography. There is no doubt that the ability to look for and discover such possibilities, is of high importance. Some of the possibilities can be found in applying artistic styles to cartographic styles, e.g. abstraction, fiction, imagination, etc.

Keywords: creativity, creative expression, cartographer, cartographic production, individual style of an author, aesthetics

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Abstract: Tak jako v mnoha jiných činnostech člověka, tak i v kartografii tvůrce často hledá možnosti, jimiž by dílo inovoval, případně hledá možnosti, jak uvést na trh dílo zcela nové. Paradoxem je, že uživatel na jedné straně touží po něčem novém, ovšem na druhé straně by dostal rád něco, co už zná a na co je zvyklý. Někdo upřednostňuje spíše tradici, jiný spíše inovaci. Nezřídka se také tvůrci stává, že při hledání něčeho nového dochází ať už vědomě či nevědomě k tradičnímu a osvědčenému. Vedle toho se nabízí i některé další otázky: Kde jsou hranice mezi novým a tradičním? Jaký je rozdíl mezi aktualizací a inovací kartografického díla? Jak se inovace projevuje a jaké dává možnosti? Jakou roli hraje v dnešní době autorský styl? To všechno jsou otázky, na něž se příspěvek pokouší najít odpověď. Příspěvek přitom vychází z poznatků estetiky, teorie umění, čímž umožňuje do jisté míry porovnat rozdíl mezi inovací v umění a v kartografii. Pokouší se i o stručný výklad pojmů souvisejících s touto problematikou: princip ozvláštnění, záměrnost vs. nezáměrnost, opakování a serialita, faktor rytmu, klišé, kýč nebo originalita vs. stereotyp.

Keywords: inovace a tradice, ozvláštnění, klišé,aktualizace mapového obsahu,srovnání umělecké a kartografické tvorby, autorský a vydavatelský styl

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Abstract: Od té doby, co jsou prováděna hodnocení kartografických děl, naráží jejich autoři na problém, jak objektivizovat a konkretizovat tu jeho část, která se zabývá otázkou estetiky. Je nasnadě, že tento druh hodnocení je natolik specifickým fenoménem, že si zaslouží svůj vlastní postup. Příspěvek naznačuje možnosti, které takové hodnocení má, a navrhuje jeden z jeho možných postupů.

Keywords: hodnocení kartografických děl, uživatelská vstřícnost, estetika, kritéria hodnocení

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Abstract: V současné době se stále méně daří překonávat jednostrannost plynoucí z účelové orientace a specializace člověka. Tvůrci opakovaně přehlíží hodnoty, které mohou patřit mezi důležité potřeby uživatele. Ne jinak je tomu v kartografii. Kartografické produkty často ztrácejí přiměřenost uživatelským, tedy lidským potřebám, a celkový lidský rozměr. Tuto tzv. uživatelskou vstřícnost kartografických produktů do značné míry ovlivňuje i estetika, která se přes svou doprovodnou funkci v díle podílí na motivaci lidského jednání. Estetika je nezřídka redukována na vkus člověka, na hodnocení jevů z hlediska jejich krásy či ošklivosti, na to, zda vyvolávají v člověku libost, nebo nelibost. Není důvodem toho, že je estetika vnímána jako vágní subjektivní disciplína, spíše neznalost problematiky estetiky a jejích metod? Cílem příspěvku je upozornit na roli estetické funkce produktu jak ve vztahu k uživateli, tak ve vztahu k tvůrci, tedy kartografovi. Hledá propojení estetiky a kartografie jako dvou vědních disciplín, rozebírá estetické hodnocení jako samostatný proces, pokouší se o vysvětlení rozdílu mezi uživatelskou vstřícností a estetickým ideálem, naznačuje cestu hodnocení v praxi při aplikaci poznatků z estetiky. Autor chce také upozornit na mnohostranné a bohaté možnosti vztahu člověka ke světu a otevřít debatu o výchově tzv. kartografického vkusu.

Keywords: hodnocení kartografických děl, estetika, funkce kartografického díla, omyly kartografie, uživatelská vstřícnost, vztah díla k uživateli, kartografická výchova

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Abstract: The aims of the research are: a) to identify lower secondary pupils’ preferences for visuals in geography textbooks, b) to design a prototypical textbook chapter accompanied with prototypical school atlas maps (based on evidence-based recommendations and reflecting pupils’ preferences), c) to evaluate the proposed educational materials using a sample of 20 lower-secondary school pupils. The methodological framework is anchored in Design-Based Research. Content-specific recommendations for textbook developers were identified which are transferable to different topics across geography curriculum.

Keywords: geography education, design-based research, geography textbooks

Abstract: Geographical didactic aids traditionally contain a large number of visuals. Unfortunately, authors of didactic aids are not able to ensure adequate usability of visuals sometimes. The evident example is simple illustrative function that prevails over the didactic one. The other problems could be named that many visuals are inadequate relating to pupilsʼ age, they are not well-considered and thus the undesirable formation of misconceptions is encouraged. The object of presented expert analysis are the visuals in sixteen Czech textbooks with a geographical content. The analysis was provided by multi-criteria assessment. The scaling method was used according to predefined criteria, considering of the weights previously proposed by experts (pair comparison method). Beside the general assessment of visuals, the specific comparison of selected examples of maps, photographs, schemes and graphs was conducted. The conclusions of the general assessment of the visuals could be sum up as: (1) an increasing number of abstract visuals with the expected age of pupils, (2) a high number of photographs with only illustrative function, (3) a low share of schemes supporting the development of pupilʼs abstract thinking, (4) a high share of visuals in regional-geographical curriculum, (5) a high number of visuals without any label. Whereas the adequacy of visuals in relation to pupilʼs age was not find problematic, the connections of the visuals to text and the legibility issue seem to be relatively low.

Keywords: visuals, geography textbook, homeland study textbook, textbook with geographical content

Abstract: The authors conducted 22 unstructured heuristic interviews with the 7th and 8th grade pupils of the Czech lower secondary schools. During the interview the pupils were asked to perform a problem-oriented learning task with the help of visuals in the contemporary Czech geography textbooks and Czech School Atlas of the World. The aim was to determine where exactly the pupils fail when performing the assigned learning task. The interviews were analysed using a qualitative content analysis with open coding as a methodological tool. This working paper is an outcome of the research project Visual Geographic Information and its Role in Geographic Education (GA16-01003S) funded by the Czech Science Foundation (GACR).

Keywords: didactics of geography, geography education, learning tasks, lower secondary school pupils, problem solving

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Abstract: The aims of the presented research (which was supported by the Czech Science Foundation project No. GA 16-01003S) are: a) to identify lower secondary pupils’ preferences about visuals in geography textbooks, b) to design a prototypical textbook chapter accompanied with prototypical school atlas maps, based on evidence-based recommendations and reflecting pupils’ preferences, c) to evaluate the proposed educational materials on the sample of 20 lower-secondary school pupils. The methodological frame of the study is based on Design-Based Research (Euler 2014). The study focused on the development of two key design principles (Edelson 2002; DBRC 2003): problem-based learning and developing visual literacy. Content-specific recommendations for textbook developers were identified. They are transferrable to different topics across geography curriculum. Contributions to theory and practice of geography education were also generated.

Keywords: geography education, design-based research, geography textbooks, visuals

Abstract: The aims of the presented research (which was supported by the Czech Science Foundation project No. GA 16-01003S) are: a) to identify lower secondary pupils’ preferences about visuals in geography textbooks, b) to design a prototypical textbook chapter accompanied with prototypical school atlas maps, based on evidence-based recommendations and reflecting pupils’ preferences, c) to evaluate the proposed educational materials on the sample of 20 lower-secondary school pupils. The methodological frame of the study is based on Design-Based Research (Euler 2014). The study focused on the development of two key design principles (Edelson 2002; DBRC 2003): problem-based learning and developing visual literacy. Content-specific recommendations for textbook developers were identified. They are transferrable to different topics across geography curriculum. Contributions to theory and practice of geography education were also generated.

Keywords: geography education, design-based research, geography textbooks, visuals

Abstract: Učebnice vlastivědy a zeměpisu jsou geografickými didaktickými prostředky obsahující velké množství různých typů vizuálií. V současnosti je problémem absence komplexní analýzy vizuálií jako klíčové strukturní složky učebnic. Expertní komparativní analýza má potenciál identifikovat problémy vizualizace geografických fenoménů v těchto materiálních didaktických prostředcích a upozornit tak na nevhodné postavení, koncepci či kvalitu vizuálií v učebnicích, jež mohou vést až ke vzniku miskoncepcí u žáků různých věkových skupin. Cílem příspěvku je analyzovat postavení vizuálií ve struktuře učebnic vlastivědy a zeměpisu a zároveň zhodnotit kvalitu vizuálií hydrologických, geomorfologických a zemědělských fenoménů z hlediska použitelnosti. V rámci prezentovaného šetření bylo využito expertního hodnocení vizuálií odborníkem metodou kvantitativní obsahové analýzy. Bylo analyzováno celkem šestnáct českých učebnic vlastivědy a zeměpisu. V první fázi bylo analyzováno postavení vizuálií ve struktuře učebnice (např. počet a podíl z hlediska typu vizuálií, přítomnosti titulku apod.). V druhé fázi byla hodnocena (analyzována) kvalita vybraných vizuálií z hlediska jejich použitelnosti metodou škálování na základě předem definovaných kritérií. Důležitost kritérií byla stanovena na základě výsledků párového srovnávání mezi 19 vysokoškolskými odborníky (geografy a pedagogy). Výsledky analýzy ukazují, že klíčové postavení v učebnicích vlastivědy i zeměpisu mají fotografie. Podíl abstraktních a kvantitativních vizuálií je v učebnicích zeměpisu vyšší než v učebnicích vlastivědy, v čemž se pravděpodobně odráží předpoklad autorů učebnic o kognitivním vývoji žáků. Výsledky škálování naznačují, že vizuálie v učebnicích zeměpisu jsou kvalitnější z hlediska jejich použitelnosti než v učebnicích vlastivědy. Mezi klíčové problémy vizuálií identifikované na základě škálování patří častá absence titulku, relativně nízký vztah vizuálie k textu a nečitelnost některých map. Nejnižších kvalit dosahují vizuálie z učebnic relativně nových nakladatelství nemající dlouholetou tradici, naopak nejvyšší kvalitou se vyznačují vizuálie v učebnicích nakladatelství ČGS.

Abstract: Objective of the paper is an analysis of selected historical events, which took place in Uruwa Valley among members of the ethnic group Nungon. The events - relocation of a village and religious conflict - still affect life of the community. The authors partially reconstructed the events using archive materials (especially patrol reports) and printed documents. The course of reconstructed events differs from the natives’ recollections of the same past. The paper confronts different versions of the past, but the authors do not search for the truth of the Nungon past events. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the plurality of voices - both of natives and of Australian patrol officers - and to present the importance of the past events for the life of the community.

Keywords: ethnohistory, Papua New Guinea

Abstract: If the 1960s and 1970s is associated with the first use of so-called “perceptional” mental maps (Francescato and Mebane 1973; Gould 1973), the last decade, due to the new technological possibilities (social media, open global position system etc.), is predominantly devoted to crowdsourcing approaches in the collection of data focused on spatial emotions of people. Therefore, not only the individual’s orientation strategy in space have changed (since maps contain more information and information about position is available practically around the world) but also the possibilities of mapping spatial emotions (see Klettner et al. 2013; Pánek et al. 2016). Thank to this, the mapping of emotions connected to space has become an integral part of the research activities of many professional institutions. However, we know relatively few about spatial emotions of indigenous people, who come from very different cultural environment. Although the influence of Western society through globalization process is obvious, particularly it is necessary to take into consideration the cultural origin of the individual who is influenced by cultural traditions, manifests a different relationship with the place/home, he/she is often limited in living space radius, etc. Previous researches aimed rather at reflection of perception either of home village or wider environment (e.g. Mead 1932; Hubenáková and Soukup 2012) and they could be consider as a part of field of visual cultural anthropology. In the terminological background of mental mapping it could be spoken rather about so-called “comparative” mental maps. The aim of the presented pilot study is to map spatial emotions of natives in Papuan village Yawan. Such mapping is not possible, of course, without the base map. What is common in our cultural and geographical settings – i.e. the availability of accurate and relatively current base maps – unfortunately, the environment of community of Yawan village (located in an isolated area of Saruwaged Range on the island of New Guinea) does not provide. Therefore, in the first phase of our research, accurate maps of the village (for other purposes as well) were prepared (field research in 2015) and only after that, in the second phase of the research, the mapping of spatial emotions of pupils from local primary school was realized (field research in 2016). Survey was attended by around 20 pupils. During the following analysis of collected data, the influence of individual’s place of residence on spatial emotions was assessed, among other things, as well as the role of public areas (e.g. school, playing area, airstrip) in emotional mental maps, the impact of clan origin of individual, etc. The aggregation and the analysis of the data were managed in software ArcGIS 10.3 for Desktop using Spatial Statistics Tools.

Keywords: mental mapping, Papua New Guinea, emotions

Abstract: Natural hazards still bring today’s society relatively high loss in property, unfortunately, sometimes even in health and life. Numerous physical-geographical surveys are dedicated to floods and flood risk issues, various detailed models and flood maps are created among others. On the contrary, the relatively small amount of research projects is devoted to the social perception of flood and flood risks, although a number of experts and municipality representatives realize that to cope with these events, people’s attitudes are crucial. Willingness of people to engage, cooperation between inhabitants and municipality representatives as well as social interest in natural hazards are important for effective solutions. The paper aims to present the results of research project supported by the Czech Science Foundation, which deals with social perception of flood risk and used mental maps of inhabitants as the significant methodological tool. During a questionnaire survey around 300 mental maps of inhabitants from two small Czech settlements were acquired. Both settlements have significant experiences with floods in recent years. Therefore, it could be assumed that the emotions experienced during flood events are still vivid. The respondents identified in the map, based on their subjective opinion, safe/dangerous locations and they located into the map a set of possible/implemented flood prevention measures they were familiar with. The approximate location of the respondent’s residence and its influence on the respondent’s perception of flood risks were monitored. The aggregation and the analysis of acquired data were managed in ArcGIS using Spatial Statistics Tools, similarly to our previous studies.

Keywords: natural hazards, emotions, floods, mental maps, social perception

Abstract: As many realized pedagogic studies have documented, it is highly important to activate simultaneously both learner’s basic sense channels, e.g. verbal as well as pictorial, to improve an efficiency of learning (Mayer 1997; Paivio 2014). Therefore, school education should promote the activation, interconnection and complementation of these two sense channels by means of suitable proportion of the text and the visualities used in educational process. In the geography education this might be provide through the activities with maps. Further, the efficiency of learning is improved by the fact how learners comprehend the materials and media which operate with. The implementation of so-called spiral curriculum seems to be effective (see Rinschede 2005). The principle is that the learner repeatedly meets the same learning topics, nevertheless their didactic transmission changes and acquired knowledge deepens in dependence on the learner’s age. Similarly, the educational media have to be in accordance with knowledges and skills of learners of given age. Consequently, it is necessary to reflect these aspects considering the usability of school cartographic media, e.g. the maps in textbooks and especially the conception of school atlases. Educators, as well as the pupils are only the users of the educational cartographic media. Hence, the role of cartographers in the dialogue about the development of effective school maps and atlases is crucial. Therefore, the analysis of above mentioned aspects in efficiency of learning is the main goal of our paper. It presents actual results and planned steps in research project dealing with geographical visual information (GeoVisInfo 2016–2018) on the example of economic maps in Czech school atlases. These maps represent the extra-complex maps with multi-layer and fast developing content through time. It is legitimate thus to ask how to transmit the content to learners on various levels of school education. Our research will find answer to following questions in particular: How is significant to think about specialized atlases differentiated for elementary and for secondary schools? Is it possible to overcome the mentioned map complexity only with application of the cartographic generalization or the synthesis by means of synthetic maps? Which map symbols and means of map representation are sufficient for learners on various levels of school education? Some of forenamed questions was answered in questionnaire survey with utilization of didactic test. The survey was conducted in Czechia among 120 pupils of elementary schools (6th and 7th grade) and among 73 students of higher secondary schools (1st and 2nd grade). The didactic test put to learners some tasks leading to activities with economic maps. According to success in utilization of various kinds of map to solve the task by learner, it investigated the usability of particular visualities. Chi-quadrat test of independence significantly documented whereas the semantically motivated cartographical symbols are more suitable for elementary school pupils, the alphanumerical cartographical symbols in economic maps (e.g. using the symbology of chemical elements) are better for secondary school students. Nevertheless, the associativeness of colors with particular branches of industry is the same in both testing age groups. Concerning to the complexity of map contents, the economic maps are often incomprehensible for younger pupils. They are not able to join the particular provided information into the integrated image of economy in presented region. Regarding to the need of interconnection of verbal and pictorial sense channels, it is necessary to conclude that the text in textbooks is rarely connected to maps in the atlases. Therefore, new challenges lay in front of authors of school geographic or cartographic media.

Keywords: usability, economic maps, school atlases, visuals, spiral curriculum

Abstract: Czech Historical Atlas represents a project under which historical maps of the Czech lands and Central Europe arise in the coming years. There are two main project outputs planned. A web atlas dedicated to history of the Czech lands from prehistoric times to the recent past will be the first. The second important output is comprised of a printed atlas focused on Czech twentieth century history. The aim of the new atlas is to build on previous historical atlases – such as the Academic Atlas of Czech History (2014) or earlier post-war works of Czechoslovak cartography – and to access latest research results of historians in the form accessible to experts, teachers, students and other users interested in history. Within the project, the Institute of History (Czech Academy of Sciences) and the Czech Technical University in Prague are involved. Both organizations bring together collaboration of historians, geographers, cartographers and geoinformaticists from a number of other institutions. In the paper, a preparation stage of the Czech Historical Atlas is presented. A search for existing atlases with historical content is one of the steps in the preparatory phase. For this search, a special database has been designed. Its structure reflects not only the thematic focus of searched atlases but also the subsequent short list of atlases which show the studied area (Central European region with emphasis on the former Czechoslovakia or contemporary Czechia, respectively), and supposed solutions for both versions of the atlas. The aim of this background research was to create a knowledge base for the conception of the atlas performed in the next step. The atlas conception is based on the needs of target group of users. Maps will be complemented by short texts, which describe map topic, and photographs, graphs, tables, historical documents images etc. The effort is to create a user-friendly output. For example, the printed atlas of 20th century will not be too large and bulky. Thematic, geographic and temporal interconnectivity will be ensured within web versions of the maps too. Besides the Czech language, English translation of accompanying texts is planned. In parallel with the concept design, historical and history-geographical preparative works were held. This included search in other sources of information in libraries and archives. The atlas conception and activities of historians and geographers have resulted in collection of topic drafts of possible maps, which are stored in a database shared on-line. In this database, data such as thematic, geographic and historical classification, data availability, content guarantors or information about accompanying materials is recorded. In connection with the proposals for map topics of both versions of the atlas, it is worth noting some methodological assumptions. Maps from previous projects developed in partnership with the Institute of History and Czech Technical University in Prague – e.g. the Academic Atlas of Czech History – will be used there. Available databases of all contributors or third parties – like Research Centre for Cultural and Historical Geography (Charles University) – will also be used. Completely new topics such as the issue of justice, recreation, leisure and everyday life, boundary changes, landscape changes will be handled as well. Likewise, the choice of technology for web maps is an important conceptual issue. This will be determined after the evaluation of selected map topics and background research for proprietary and open-source solutions to access maps on the Internet. With such an extensive and interdisciplinary project like the Czech Historical Atlas, the preparatory phase is crucial. However, time consuming preparation streamlines the process of creation and post-production arrangement of cartographic outputs.

Abstract: V rámci projektu NAKI II Český historický atlas (2016–2020) je v současné době připravováno nové rozsáhlé dějepisné atlasové dílo, které bude převážně zaměřeno na české a československé dějiny 20. století. Záměrem autorského týmu z Historického ústavu AV ČR a Českého vysokého učení technického v Praze je navázat na úspěšný projekt Akademického atlasu českých dějin. Hned na počátku přípravných prací byla provedena jednak rozsáhlá rešerše a na ni navazující analýza všech dosud publikovaných českých (československých) dějepisných atlasů, jednak rešerše zahraničních dějepisných atlasů s podobným zaměřením vzniklých po roce 1950. Cílem bylo poskytnout autorskému týmu inspirační zdroje pro zpracování koncepce nového atlasu. Hlavním posláním tohoto příspěvku je představit tuto ne zcela běžnou součást přípravy kartografického díla, způsob jejího provedení a další možné využití. Celý proces výběru, popisu atlasů i následné analýzy probíhal podle předem stanovených kritérií. Během rešerše byly využívány atlasy z českých i zahraničních knihoven. U zahraničních atlasových děl byla zvýšená pozornost věnována jejich reflexi českých a československých dějin. Výsledkem se stala rozsáhlá databáze vybraných dějepisných atlasů celosvětové produkce od roku 1950 do současnosti, která nemá v českém prostředí obdoby. Tato databáze čítá více než 400 položek. Kromě standardního bibliografického popisu, který lze najít v knihovnických katalozích, však obsahuje navíc celou řadu dalších charakteristik (metody tematické kartografie, použité měřítkové řady atd.). Na základě požadavků kartografů i historiků navíc databáze obsahuje vybrané ukázky map. Dá se proto předpokládat její širší badatelské využití, které by mohlo přispět k rozvoji výzkumu v oblasti atlasové kartografie. Proto mají její autoři v úmyslu výslednou databázi volně zpřístupnit na webovém portálu projektu.

Keywords: Czech Historical Atlas, analysis of cartographic works, database of historical atlases

Abstract: Při přípravě tak rozsáhlého kartografického díla, jakým je bezesporu v současné době vznikající nový český historický atlas (ČHA), jsou nutnou součástí rešerše a následná analýza dosud vydaných kartografických děl s podobným zaměřením. Na rozdíl od jednoho z možných výstupů, kterým bývá hodnocení dosavadní kartografické produkce, je cílem této analýzy především vznik databáze historických atlasů se zajištěním celé řady jejich charakteristik (vedle tradičních bibliografických údajů také základní kartografické parametry, ukázky, vývoj historicko-vědního a kartografického zpracování atd.) a pozitivního inspiračního zázemí pro genezi koncepce nového atlasového díla. V rámci příspěvku jsou představeny klíčové fáze rešerše a analýzy, k níž patří mj. analýza struktury atlasu různého druhu (povaha z hlediska zastoupení map, textu a obrazové složky; komplexnost map, typologie map), dále pak analýza měřítek, metod tematické kartografie, titulů jednotlivých map ad. Podmínkou je využitelnost výsledků pro účely celého týmu, který je složen z geografů, historiků, kartografů a zástupců z vydavatelské branže. To předpokládá nutnost respektování požadavků všech zúčastněných stran. Autoři při tom vycházejí jednak z bohatých zkušeností s kartografickou tvorbou, jednak z dosavadní spolupráce s historiky a dalšími humanitně zaměřenými odborníky. V neposlední řadě jim jako důležitý odrazový můstek slouží rovněž zkušenosti s hodnocením a lektorskou činností kartografických děl.

Keywords: atlas, analýza atlasů, český historický atlas, příprava kartografického díla, mezioborová spolupráce

Abstract: The paper deals with the issue of perception and delimitation of Central Europe (CE). The first part introduces and discusses basic concepts and conception of CE which might be found in the selected parts and might be considered crucial in this respect. Attention is then focused on the possible differences in the perception of CE from the perspective of individual nations and to interpret what might cause these differences. The following empiric part of the study compares previous theoretical knowledge and assumptions of real results of the research. The research was carried out through a questionnaire survey to collect the mental maps of selected individuals. The respondents of the research were senior high school students and first-year university students from eight CE countries. Their task was to mark the borders of CE based on their subjective perception onto the European map. A total of 490 mental maps were taken, analyzed, and aggregated into the GIS map outputs. The final part compares and interprets the results, i.e. map outputs which were obtained through this probe of individual countries. The authors reflect on the questions of how and why the results differ in individual states and to what extent they match hypothetical assumptions of the “national” perception of CE space.

Keywords: Central Europe, spatial perception, mental maps, spatial concepts, GIS analysis

Abstract: The contribution provides an overview of the ways colour is used in cartographic visualizations and how it affect S perception of these visualizations. Colour is generally considered as the most important graphic variable for expressink spatial information in cartographic visualizations. Through appropriate use of colours, the content of a map can be significantly accentuated, which enhances its legibility and comprehensibility profoundly. Appropriate use of colours is a very irnportant factor in many cartographic applications, such as emergency management tools, in whch cartographic visualization helps to transfer the required information effectively. A well-chosen colour scheme with appropriate contrasts is the best way to depict the overall character of an area or a phenomenon. The present paper describes the most significant approaches to colour use in cartography, which can be of immense help when communicating information to map users.

Abstract: The issue of regionalization of the world from macro level (macro-regions) to the micro level (local regions) belongs to the geography of relatively traditional and permanent circuits in terms of current projects and research. Also, because of this, there are currently already a number of concepts of regionalization, which are conceptually more or less connected to their bearers, i.e. their thinking and origin. These concepts have become an integral part of cultural expression and as such should be seen always in the context of the nation, of which the author or authors of these concepts originated, i.e. the historical and cultural contexts. In terms of regionalization of Europe it is quite usual to shape regions on the principle of steady state borders and any differences within states are to be overlooked. The states in their concepts then usually behave as indivisible entities. In this context, there are a number of issues, such as to what extent do these concepts correspond to the ideas of individuals from different European countries in their mental maps? Does the stability of the region manifest itself somehow in mental maps, and if so, how? Is it possible to trace the origin of the authors of these mental maps, etc.? The aim of this paper is to present a relatively unconstrained (free) regionalization of Europe by using the example of setting the boundaries of the region “Central Europe”. The origin of the term “Central Europe” is connected with the so-called Vienna Congress, which took place in 1814–1815. For our study, this region was chosen as an example because it is a relatively less stable region within Europe and even the experts are not of the same opinion on the definition of the unity (see e. g. Battaglia, 1960, Schenk 1995, Szucs 2001, Wandycz 2004). It is particularly associated with the so-called principle of European duality (Nováček 2012), because the boundaries of “two Europes” often went right through this region during the historical development. A questionnaire survey was the chosen method of this case study, related to the acquisition of mental maps of respondents. In the survey, the respondents marked the borders of Central Europe onto the European map containing only the border states. The boundaries of “Central Europe” which they marked may or may have not respected the boundaries of existing European states. The participants were students of the last year of secondary schools, respectively of first year university students from selected areas. The samples come from Austria, Czechia, from the former East and West Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland. Special thanks to colleagues from their respective departments for their help, without whom this research could not have been carried out. Based on the analysis carried out in ArcGIS for Desktop 10.2 using the tools of extension Spatial Statistics, the influence of the respondent’s origin on the resulting mental map has been proven (Saarinen 1988). It was also shown to affect the stability of the region defining the resulting aggregated mental map. The influence of regional stability has also been shown to define the resulting aggregated mental map. The correlation of concept origins with mental maps has only been partially proven, which can be ascribed to the fact that the amount of the compared concepts was not large.

Abstract: The theory of creativity in contemporary cartography was described by author in the article entitled “Creativity in current cartography” (Bláha 2008) as part of the symposium “Art and Cartography” (Vienna, February 2008). This contribution builds on the theory and delivers a practical demonstration of how an author can promote creativity within cartographic practice. Selected cartographic output from “Prehistory of the genus Homo” with the subtitle “who we are, where we are, where we are going” is presented within the poster. This is a unique publication, whose text originated nearly 20 years ago. The Czech cultural anthropologist Václav Soukup connects his knowledge of several disciplines in it, but also an extremely rich amount of visual images including maps. The publication is authored by domestic and foreign representatives of other professions: painters, graphic designers, photographers – and a cartographer. Although published in the Czech language, even those who have not mastered the Czech language will certainly be happy to become familiar with the publication, too, thanks to its plentiful visual images. A big positive is that an English language version of this publication is going to be published in the future. Due to the high number of co-authors, some unification of style was needed, which would form a compact unit of a book with over a thousand pages. The author’s requirement stated: to create where possible accurate, but stylistically fresh maps evoking oil paintings. Right now oil paintings are in fact being used within the reconstruction of the various stages of human development, including activities and the environment that surrounded humans. The bases of the maps were created within ArcGIS for Desktop including the exact location of archaeological sites based on aerial photographs, available U.S. topographic maps and GPS coordinates. Within the geodatabase, data from the freely available reference data layers of Natural Earth (mainly watercourses, land, establishments) was used. Old land from the period of glacial ages was created on the basis of older analogue maps. The base of the map is colour-modified digital terrain model (DTM). Subsequently, DTM (ocean bottom and land) was converted to raster format and graphically modified using art techniques in Adobe Photoshop. Vector data, including a description of objects was further modified in CorelDRAW. Map finalization was done in Adobe InDesign. This example of cartographic practice refers to some other problems which cartography will have to deal with now and in the near future. They are a) the need for cooperation with a number of other professions when collaborating on larger or smaller projects, during which you need to consider the fact that the requirements of authors are in conflict with the classical conception of maps created in GIS, b) increasing cartographers’ graphic competency, c) cartographer practice other than purely cartographic production, because self-published cartographic products will continue to be a negligible percentage of the production of maps.

Abstract: Autoři v příspěvku představí první výstupy pilotního projektu, který se uskutečnil v dubnu až červnu 2015 v komunitě Nungon v lokalitě Yawan (provincie Morobe, Papua-Nová Guinea). Vzhledem k tomu, že se lokalita Yawan nachází v horském pásmu Saruwaged Range, relativně daleko od větších sídel, nebyla dostupná prakticky žádná aktuální prostorová data velkého měřítka a veškeré mapování bylo nutné provést v kombinaci lokálního souřadnicového systému s připojením na WGS-84 prostřednictvím GPS. V rámci terénního výzkumu tak bylo kromě metod kulturní antropologie využito terestrických a GPS metod pořizování prostorových dat. Kontrola kvality dat byla prováděna přímo v mapované lokalitě pomocí mobilní GIS aplikace, následné zpracování, analýza a vizualizace dat probíhají v ArcGIS for Desktop po návratu do Česka.

Keywords: GIS, mapování, kulturní antropologie, Papua-Nová Guinea

Abstract: In this contribution, the authors will introduce the first output of a pilot study, which was carried out from April to June 2015 by the Nungon people in the villages of Yawan, Toweth and Kotet (Uruwa Valley, Morobe province, Papua New Guinea). Considering that the Nungon people live in the mountains of the Saruwaged Range, relatively far away from large cities, there was no actual detailed spatial data available and the whole mapping had to be carried out in combination with the local coordinate system with the connection to WGS-84 via GPS. Therefore, besides using methods of cultural anthropology within the field research, terrestrial and GPS methods of data collection were used, too. Quality control of the data was thus carried out directly in the mapped locations using mobile GIS mapping applications, and subsequent processing and and data analysis run in software ArcGIS for Desktop upon arrival in Czechia. The research output should then be, among others, a dataset and a series of maps showing cultural specifics and phenomena of the Nungon people in the locations of Yawan and Toweth.

Keywords: GIS, mapping, cultural anthropology, Papua New Guinea

Abstract: V příspěvku je představen vývoj místních názvů ulic na příkladu města Chotěboře na Vysočině, kde lze vysledovat hned několik etap a trendů pojmenovávání ulic. Autoři prezentují vývoj od prvních názvů ulic spjatých především s geografickými jmény a lokalitami ve městě a v jeho okolí (přenos místních názvů do názvosloví dalších objektů ve městě) a s historickými událostmi souvisejícími s městem, přes názvy využívající jména osobností spjatých se životem města (profesoři místního gymnázia, umělci atd.) či jména všeobecně známých osobností, po názvy relativně univerzální bez emocionálního náboje, bohužel však také často bez větší invence. Autoři upozorňují i na fenomén, s nímž se setkáváme zejména v menších městech, fenomén místního intelektuála produkujícího místní názvy ulic, který byl postupně nahrazen místopisnými komisemi. Celý příspěvek je doplněn analýzou a kategorizací názvů ulic včetně jejich vzniku, opomenut není ani fenomén přejmenovávání ulic v důsledku změny ideologie.

Keywords: Chotěboř, názvy ulic, přejmenování ulic

Abstract: Aim of the oral presentation is the map as one of the visual models of (not merely) reality, that speaks its language and content. If the map is seen as an image, it is not only the result of a more or less objective recording of area, but also the expression of the individual, respectively culture, from which the relevant individual comes from. The study is based on research, within which mental maps of individuals of selected cultures (Czechia, Western Europe, New Guinea) were studied. This research has shown, inter alia, a gradual cultural unification of map styles and in its findings is also apparent conflict between cultural originality and international cartographic conventions, although this fact lost none, as it seems, utility value of maps.

Keywords: cultural diversity, cultural unification, map style, cartographic creation, mental map, cross-cultural research

Abstract: Although the interdisciplinary study of the cultural aspects of cartographic creation has in the recent past been dealt with in an indirect manner, for example by J.B. Harley and D. Woodward in the project “His-tory of Cartography”, the question has not as yet been adequately taken up on a complex level. The author of the present study attempts a more com-plex approach in his treatment of the problem. This paper includes a theo-retical introduction devoted to map contents, map style and map language, which together represent the greatest potential cultural differences embod-ied by a map, considered here in its role as a depiction of reality and a visual manifestation of culture. A portion of the study focusing on method assess-es the procedures employed in the formation of cognitive and mental maps by users and map creators. These maps may be used to discover cultural specifics of cartographic creation. The final portion of the study presents the findings of a field study of the mental maps of school children from Czechia, Western Europe and the village of Yawan (Papua-New Guinea).

Keywords: cross-culture research, mental maps, map stylistics, cultural specificities of artifacts

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Abstract: Effort to define the world around us lead people to the fact that all the things and people around them get the names. There are any amount of definitions of basic artefact activity of cartographer, i. e. the map. In this context, it is interesting that in the present increasingly come in definitions, which see the map primarily as a carrier of spatial information. Its share of that has, among others, information theory by C. E. Shannon (1949), who pioneered computer science as a distinct field of human activity. Just the information theory has influence through geoinformatics on present map creation. However, this begs the question whether the trend define the map primarily as carrier of (spatial) information does not reduce the map itself and its functions? Indeed, is the model of information theory, applied in cartography, able to describe the general characteristics of the map and its functions? At this point, there is a concept of cartography by Scottish cartographer John Stanley Keates (1925–1999). Keates presented his conception of cartography especially in his key text, Understanding Maps (first published in 1982, the second released in expanded form in 1996). In principle, Keates is not in conflict with the information theory, but he also claim that this theory to describe the maps and its function is simply not enough. According to him, on the map as an artefact of human activity can be seen now in several modes. As the visual information, a symbolic representation, a communication, an artistic work and product of skill. Most of these modes using similar constructs, in which a cartographer/mapmaker is on the one side, the map is a specific mediator and the map user is on the other side. These modes, however, differ in their basic philosophy. Alternate with the visuality, semiotics, linguistics, aesthetics and technology. When J. S. Keates trying to sum up his lifelong research of cartographic creation came to the conclusion that he never paid primarily communication, but also a representation of the objects and phenomena. According to him, the product must be not only informative effective but also aesthetically attractive. And how we understand maps?

Keywords: J. S. Keates; Understanding maps; conception of cartography

Keywords: Křovák projection, mental map, Czechia

Abstract: Early maps can serve not only as a source of valuable historical information about the landscape and geography of a represented area. They can serve as a source of information about cultures living in the given territory as well, even as a source of information about the culture which the author himself comes from. Beside the study of map language and map content, it is the rich content of early maps within marginal information, which allows to study the ideas and concepts of our ancestors about the cultures living in different parts of either the known or unknown world at that time. These are the drawings of illustrative character in particular, in the early maps postured as parergas, vedute and cartouches. The paper is slightly inspired by the exhibition “Annäherungen an die Ferne” (Approaches to Distant Lands), which took place in the Austrian National Library in 2009 and which provides a wide range of study materials. In addition, the early maps from renaissance and baroque, originally from several map collections in Czechia, were used for our research purposes. The aim of the paper on the one hand is to analyze and classify map language and map content and on the other hand it is to discuss the cultural determinism arising from cultural origin of the author.

Keywords: early maps, culture, parergas, vedute, cartouches

Abstract: This contribution presents part of the findings of the project Mental Maps: Object and Tools for Assessment, which was realized in the years 2009–2011 at Charles University in Prague. The project was divided into several parts. In view of the scope of this contribution, only two parts of the research are presented here. In the first part, the authors test their method of assessing cartographic works with users’ mental maps, using the example of hiking maps. Users of hiking maps (161 respondents in all) were given several tasks and questions about individual evaluated maps. Then they were each asked to draw their own mental maps while answering questions, without having immediate access to the actual hiking map to which the questions pertained. In order to eliminate subjective problems with drawing mental maps (weak spatial memory, impaired drawing ability, inexperience with cartographic works, etc.) a large sample of map users were selected to participate and the contents of their individual mental maps were aggregated. In the end, we took from the relatively extensive sample of mental maps (483 in all) as many “aggregated mental maps” as there were evaluated hiking maps. These aggregated mental maps, together with conventional multi-criteria evaluation, contributed to the final analysis of hiking maps with a listing of positives and negatives of particular evaluated maps. The second part of this contribution presents the part of the project dedicated to cartographic representation of the development of students’ imagination of the spatial arrangement of the land in which they live. Designed as a case study, it addressed only four schools (two grammar schools and two secondary schools), and the pairs consisted of one in the capital city of Prague and one outside of Prague. This allowed us to follow the differences in mental maps according to the age of the respondents and according to school district. Besides observing the students’ ability to accurately draw the position of Prague, this part of the research also examined their spatial conception of the geography of the Czech Republic (basic spatial arrangement of geographic objects). Last but not least, in outlined maps the student participants filled in their own preferences of where to live (where I would like to live and where I would not like to live). The result of this part of the research consists of aggregated mental maps for each school (the geography of the Czech Republic and drawing the location of Prague) and aggregated maps of preferences. A selection of the mental maps that were produced can be found on the project’s website: www.jackdaniel.cz/mentmap.

Keywords: mental map, assessment of cartographic works, GIS, geography education

Abstract: Cultural specificities can be identified in cartographic works. These specificities are closely related to the stylistics of cartography, i.e. styles of maps. This opens wide possibilities not only for an analysis of cartographic works from cultural studies point of view, but also for a global analysis of cultural differences. The paper outlines the possibilities of mental map analyses. These mental maps come from respondents from various cultures in order to come to a description of the cultural differences in the map language or content.

Keywords: mental map, cross-culture research, map stylistics, culture studies

Abstract: The poster presents maps of students of the Faculty of Science (Charles University in Prague) which emerged in the course “Thematic Cartography”. Instructions were as follows: 1st possibility: compose a map in a known artistic style, 2nd possibility: compose a map using a known artistic technique, 3rd possibility: compose the map in a completely original way. Imagination and creativity are not limited, but you have to respect the basic rules of cartography.

Keywords: students’ work, creative expression, art & cartography, aesthetics & cartography

Abstract: To create valuable output, people must learn from mistakes, learn to evaluate the results of their work and, thus, not to repeat their mistakes. There are many ways of assessing products arising from human activity, i.e. cartographic works as well. Verbal assessment (reviews, references) is the most common one. It usually includes the list of positive and negative aspects of the product, or a multi-criterion assessment containing a system of value parameters of the work, usually numerical. This assessment is usually done by more or less experienced experts. What does the user think, though? It is desirable to find an adequate way of assessment assisted by the user. It is the user who is the ultimate recipient of the product. Apart from standard sociological approach using questionnaires, surveys or managed interviews, there are possibilities with high independence potential in the area of potential semantic differences in the researcher´s and the respondent´s perception. These are represented by various tasks given to individuals or groups concerning cartographic works or an analysis of user mental maps based on the users’ experience with cartographic works.

Keywords: assessment of cartographic works, viewpoints of assessment, methods in assessment, map quality, user-friendliness

Abstract: The article deals with analysis of mental maps (of orienteering runners) which were obtained by questionnaire. Using the prerequisite of measurability of their sports performance it is possible to measure the accuracy of assessment methods of mental maps. Mental maps were acquired by two-section questionnaire; they were assessed with the help of two methods – frequency measurement and methods of determined weights and criteria. The results of the methods were visualised using GIS software into aggregated maps.

Keywords: mental maps, cartographic assessment, aggregated maps, orienteering

Abstract: The first part mentions the traditional, and we can also say never-ending, discussion on cartography and early maps being a form of art (expert specialization, mastery in map production and freedom of creation, evolution of cartographic language, more accurate mapping, evolution of reproductive techniques and technologies in general, J. B. Krygier’s polemic on the dualism of science × art in cartography, establishment of the ICA Working Group called Art and Cartography). It is followed by a summary of aesthetic aspects of (not only) early maps (map format, sheet composition, use of space, shapes of map fields and structure of outlines, form of compositional elements, map contents, cartographic language, thematic cartography methods, use of colour and font in maps, author’s style and handwriting). Finally, several pieces of evidence are offered confirming that “early maps” and “computer map production” are not incompatible. We can find such examples, among others, in Bachelor Theses dealing with artistic techniques used in current cartographic products for the public and with maps of fictitious worlds using similar means of expression as early maps.

Keywords: early maps, art in maps, aesthetics, Karel Kuchař

Abstract: The issue of mental maps on one hand, and assessment of cartographic works on the other are relatively well-known and have been discussed by a relatively high number of authors. However, is it possible to interconnect the knowledge and use it meaningfully? The paper tries to find answers to this question. Its primary objective is to reveal the users’ wishes and ideas about the content of maps. A proposal for the procedure of assessment of cartographic works in terms of aesthetics and user-friendliness is introduced, making use of mental maps by users. The question to what extent mental maps can be utilized as decisive for the finalisation of results is still left unanswered. Nevertheless, the paper presents one of input propositions of a research project carried out at the Charles University in Prague.

Keywords: mental maps, assessment of cartographic works, userfriendliness, psychological aspects of maps, map use

Abstract: In those times when cartography did not make use of automated reproduction techniques cartographic products were considered works of art. Each cartographic work was original and their authors were rightfully referred to as ‘artists’. Due to letterpress and other automated techniques (which lead to the transition from traditional to computer-aided cartography) cartographic production abandoned the artistic dimension and has become a special-purpose activity. Therefore, present-day aesthetics rightfully classifies cartographic production as the so called the non-artistic aesthetic. Creativity of authors themselves may seem to be closely connected with these facts. Our purpose is to disprove this hypothesis and point out various possibilities of creative expression in present-day cartography. There is no doubt that the ability to look for and discover such possibilities, is of high importance. Some of the possibilities can be found in applying artistic styles to cartographic styles, e.g. abstraction, fiction, imagination, etc.

Keywords: creativity, creative expression, cartographer, cartographic production, individual style of an author, aesthetics

Abstract: Evaluation of present-day road books was conducted as a part of assessment of cartographic works. This assessment is conducted using aesthetic and user-friendliness criteria and is part of a larger project financed by the Grant Agency of the Charles University (GA UK no. 249/2006/B-GEO/PrF) called "Application of Aesthetics in Visualization Methods of Cartography". The road books were evaluated by a combined method of evaluation criteria and field research among users which took place in November 2007 at selected petrol stations in the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic. The users´ opinions and evaluations were collected via questionnaires and conducted interviews. The paper presents results of the field research and the evaluation of criteria. The evaluation was performed by a four-member team of geography and cartography students, with the help of methodological instructions of the author.

Keywords: assessment of cartographic works, road books, aesthetics, user-friendliness, field research

Abstract: Rock representation in maps belongs to the traditional problems in classical cartography. There is a gap in this field in digital cartography. Possibilities for rock representations using digital cartography means mainly in large- and middle-scaled maps are discussed in this article. Several ways to represent the rock formations on contemporary digital maps are described together with their limitations and relation to techniques used in the classical cartography. Problem is also seen from other points of view: availability of geographical data in the Czech Republic, possibilities for automatic processing and aesthetics and user-friendliness.

Keywords: visualization of hypsography, cliff drawing, rock formations, digital cartography

Abstract: The poster, as the main result of this bachelor study, aims to represent the predominant issues that make up a content of said study. Acemetery, in geografic concept, can be considered a specific part of the country, with certain rules of structure layout. It is therefore conprehensible and convenient to depict a cemetery area with a map (a plan). The introductory part of the study concentrates on Czech funeral services, including legal background. The next part of the study pursues matters concerning contemporary maps of cemeteries. The author exerts to employ knowledge gained through his own thematic plans ofVinohrad cemetery in Praha (Prague). Also, a prospective utilization ofArcGIS software for cemetery administration is suggested.

Keywords: funeral service, cemetery plan, geo-database, GIS, pre-press

Abstract: Problematika sjednocení vizualizace a popisu výškových bodů, resp. kót, je do jisté míry opomíjena a metod pro vizualizaci je téměř přesně toliko, kolik je na trhu atlasů, potažmo map. V české odborné literatuře chybí diskuze, která by vyřešila toto vakuum a která by vnesla do problému více pravidel a odstranila nepřesnosti. Příspěvek se zabývá vývojem pojmů kóta a výškový bod, jejich vzájemným vztahem a jejich (možnou) vizualizací na mapách a v atlasech českých i zahraničních. Na vizuální stránku problému je nahlíženo z pohledu kartografické tvorby, estetiky a uživatelské vstřícnosti.

Keywords: vizulizace, kóta, atlasy, uživatelská vstřícnost, estetika

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Abstract: V roce 2004 dvě známá česká kartografická nakladatelství (Kartografie Praha, a. s. a SHOCart, spol. s r.o.) vydala Školní atlas světa. Po představení autorů příspěvek s pomocí systému hodnoticích kritérií analyzuje a hodnotí tyto dva atlasy z hlediska estetiky a uživatelské vstřícnosti. Vzhledem ke svému charakteru je hodnocení podpořeno průzkumem mezi uživateli (žáky ZŠ a SŠ).

Keywords: školní atlasy světa, hodnocení kartografických děl, estetika v kartografii, uživatelská vstřícnost

Abstract: Barva je neodmyslitelnou součástí života lidí a má v něm rozličné funkce. Ne jinak je tomu v kartografii. K efektivnímu využívání barvy v kartografické tvorby je třeba správně a především plně pochopit pojem „vyjadřovací prostředek“, s nímž je barva spojována. Vyjadřovací prostředky lze přirovnat k specifickému druhu písma, k autorskému rukopisu jako prostředku sebevyjádření autora; slouží i k co nejvěrnějšímu popisu reality. Ve všech těchto pojetích má barva svou důležitou úlohu. Srovnáme-li funkce barvy v kartografii a ve výtvarném umění, najdeme poměrně velké množství styčných bodů. V kartografii se barva uplatňuje na pozici nosiče informace, ale má i značný vliv na celkové estetické působení a uživatelskou vstřícnost díla. Ve výtvarném umění je využívána k věcné charakterizaci, k znázornění emotivního, asociativního a symbolického významu, a konečně je sama o sobě výtvarnou hodnotou. Co se vývoje uplatnění barvy v dílech týče, ve výtvarném umění existují epochy dominance a naopak podřízenosti barvy. Kartografie dlouhý čas vývoj výtvarného umění kopírovala, odloučení nastalo s rozvojem reprodukčních technik. V posledních staletích je používání barvy v kartografii úzce svázáno s tiskařskými možnostmi. Pro to, aby barva našla své uplatnění jako nosič kartografické informace, je důležité plnohodnotně využít jejích funkcí. Zefektivnění může napomoci znalost vztahů barev, jelikož barva není v kartografickém díle nikdy přítomna izolovaně, navíc není zelená jako zelená. Příkladem může být sedm kontrastů Johannese Ittena: contrast of saturation, contrast of light and dark, contrast of extension, contrast of complements, simultaneous contrast, contrast of hue and contrast of warm and cool. Ukazuje se, že oblast výtvarného umění a designu může být pro kartografii zdrojem cenných informací a poznatků.

Keywords: kartografické vyjadřovací prostředky, teorie barvy, funkce barvy, vztahy barev, uživatelská vstřícnost, kartografická informace

Abstract: Problematika objektivizace hodnocení kartografických děl není nijak nová. Mluví-li se o hodnocení z hlediska estetiky a uživatelské vstřícnosti, je objektivizace, resp. kvantifikace jedním z klíčových úkolů během takového hodnocení. V první části příspěvku je položena otázka, zda je objektivizace takového hodnocení vůbec možná. Při té příležitosti autor naráží na otázku tzv. redukce reality, na níž se obecně váže otázka tvorby vzorků, dotazů a stanovování hodnoticích kritérií. Hlavním cílem příspěvku je však seznámení kartografické veřejnosti s metodami a postupy používanými v sociologii a psychologii (např. pozorování, rozhovor, dotazník, v rámci tzv. škálování potom metoda párového srovnávání nebo metoda sémantického diferenciálu).

Keywords: hodnocení kartografických děl, estetika, objektivizace a kvantifikace hodnocení, sociologický výzkum, psychologické škálování

Abstract: V rámci Týdne geografie 2012 uspořádala katedra geografie po pěti letech opět výstavu atlasů. Tentokrát svou pozornost autoři výstavy zaměřili zejména na školní atlasovou tvorbu. K vidění byly jednak staré školní atlasy, jednak soudobé školní atlasy z Evropy i ze vzdálenějších koutů světa.

Keywords: atlas, school atlas, exhibition

Abstract: Geografická knihovna PřF UK pořádá ve spolupráci s katedrou aplikované geoinformatiky a kartografie od 6. 5. 2008 do 3. 6. 2008 výstavu Podoby současné kartografie s podtitulem z tvorby studentů geografie a kartografie. Budou představeny originální návrhy map mladých kartografů. Díla jsou zajímavá především originálním netradičním pojetím. Více o výstavě v sekci "estetika" => výstava

Abstract: Měřítko je jedním z pěti základních kompozičních prvků mapy a jako takové je na každé mapě povinné. Mapa bez měřítka není mapou, ale měla by být spíše nazývána obrázkem. V učebnicích se lze často setkat s popsáním podstaty měřítka jako délkového zmenšení. K častým chybám dochází už zde uváděním nesprávné definice jako „poměru mezi libovolnou délkou ve skutečnosti a jejím zobrazením na mapě“. To platí však pouze pro délky nezkreslené, což může být zejména u maloměřítkových map, s nimiž se ve výuce pracuje, splněno jen v některém ze směrů nebo v omezené části mapy. V učebnicích se lze setkat i s celou řadou druhů klasifikace měřítek a následně také map podle měřítek. Následující text se však bude věnovat spíše způsobům vyjádření měřítka tak, jak se s nimi lze setkat v mapách; uvedená pravidla a zásady pro tvorbu se týkají výhradně měřítek délkových.

Abstract: Mapa. To je pojmenování zdánlivě obyčejné věci, s níž snad každý skaut či skautka přišli do kontaktu. Bereme si ji s sebou na výpravu, na tábor, zpravidla ji balíme až navrch, protože mapa zabalená mezi pyžamkem a spacím sáčkem příliš nepomůže. Na mapy také často koukáme na internetu, když potřebujeme zjistit, kam že to vlastně jedeme, kde ten druhý vůbec bydlí, jak se k němu dostat... Mnohdy, když slova nestačí, krátké ukázání v mapě je poslední záchranou. Prostě a jednoduše, život bez ní by byl přece jen složitější.

Abstract: „Umíme-li číst mapu, známe nový jazyk. Tvoříme-li ji – mluvíme jím.“ Tento citát A. M. Berljanta vyjadřuje velmi dobře podstatu tzv. jazyka mapy, jehož obecnou teorií se zabývá kartografická sémiologie. Stejně jako každý mluvený jazyk se skládá ze slov, jazyk mapy je složen z kartografických znaků (nikoli značek!), což jsou jednoduché grafické struktury, potenciální nositelé určité informace, které mají pro uživatele mapy určitý význam. A stejně jako existují výkladové slovníky, je třeba mít pro překlad mezi jazykem mapy a významem jednotlivých kartografických znaků nějaký podobný prostředek. Tímto potřebným elementem je v rámci mapy legenda.

Abstract: Recenze na mimořádně nevydařenou publikaci věnovanou historii české kartografie, která je mimo jiné zprávou o současné nakladatelské a vysokoškolské praxi v Česku.

Keywords: history of cartography, Czechia

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Abstract: Recenze na mimořádně nevydařenou publikaci věnovanou historii české kartografie, která je mimo jiné zprávou o současné nakladatelské a vysokoškolské praxi v Česku.

Keywords: česká kartografie, diletantství, historie kartografie

Keywords: atlas, assessment of cartographic works, history

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Abstract: Recenze unikátního sborníku vědeckých statí, který odkrývá známé i neznámé prostory prostřednictvím mezioborové diskuze.

Abstract: Review of the relatively recently published atlas of social geographers from Charles University in Prague.

Keywords: atlas, assessment of maps, socio-spatial differentiation

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Keywords: map edition, cartographic deeds

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Abstract: Recenze se zabývá edicí reginálních atlasů krajů České republiky od nakladatelství Geodézie ČS. Tyto atlasy byly vydány v průběhu let 2002-2003. Pro recenzi byly vybrány doposud vyšlé atlasy, tj. Liberecký kraj, Jihomoravský kraj a Ústecký kraj. Struktura recenze: zadavatelé projektu, koncepce, obálka, struktura, obsah, administrativní mapy, geografická charakteristika kraje, automapa, hraniční přechody, plány měst, cestovní ruch, strategie rozvoje, polygrafické zpracování.

Abstract: Recenze se zabývá publikací známé historičky Evy Semotanové "Mapy Čech, Moravy a Slezska v zrcadle staletí". Podrobně se věnuje a rozebírá jednotlivé kapitoly knihy, posuzuje polygrafické i obsahové zpracování, nicméně hned v úvodu upozorňuje, že se vzhledem k interdisciplinárnímu charakteru publikace jedná pouze o pohled kartografů. Srovnává dílo s předchozími publikacemi podobného zaměření (Kuchař, 1958 a Boguszak a Císař, 1961). Naznačuje tak, že podobná publikace tu již několik desítek let chyběla a předvídá, že se tato publikace jistě stane pomocníkem jak historiků, tak kartografů se zájmem o staré mapy.

Abstract: Každý z nás žije v určité oblasti a navštěvuje místa, která jsou pro něj z nějakého důvodu významná, ať už se na nich jednoduše cítí dobře, symbolizují pro něj to, co považuje v životě za důležité, odrážejí minulost i současnost regionu či zde pravidelně potkává své dobré známé. Společným znakem takových důležitých míst je, že v sobě spojují mnoho odlišných hodnot, a tím vzájemně propojují i různé lidi. Návštěvníci na tato místa sice přicházejí z rozličných důvodů, avšak se společným zájmem o místo samotné. Domníváme se, že mezi takové lokality patří i poutní místa. Ostatně náš počáteční krok k tvorbě mapy znázorňující období konání poutí na jednotlivých katolických poutních místech během kalendářního roku, kterou tato brožura doprovází, nebyl také čistě náboženský.

Keywords: mapa, poutní místa, římsko-katolická církev

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Abstract: The culturally and linguistically diverse island of New Guinea has long captured the attention and sparked the imagination. It has earned a notorious reputation as the home of cannibals and headhunters. From an anthropological point of view, the book opens up the sensitive topics of human flesh consumption and the acquisition of human trophies by humans. The author uses rich ethnographic material to present the realities of New Guinea headhunting and cannibalism, sparing no detail but setting his narratives in historical and cultural context. The book shows the cultural logic of these phenomena and the motivations of the colonial apparatuses to enforce their own idea of law and order on the island, that is, to eradicate these customs. The book provides a wealth of original pictorial material that shows concrete evidence of cannibalism and headhunting in New Guinea. The author presents cannibalism and headhunting as phenomena that were inherently part of the repertoire of human cultural behaviour.

Abstract: The book offers a summary of the social, economic and cultural aspects of metal mining in the Bohemian Erzgebirge. Individual chapters deal with the origin and development of the mining towns from the 14th to the 16th century. This history is complemented by chapters on the history of local guilds and medal making. Attention is also paid to sacral monuments in the context of the Reformation and ensuing recatholization. The fate of the monuments and works of art, illustrating a rich and varied history of this once important region, is traced up to the second half of the 20th century, when many of them vanished as a result of lignite mining.

Abstract: Kniha ukazuje dopady kolonialismu na životy příslušníků novoguinejské etnické skupiny Nungon. Na základě jednoho desetiletí terénního výzkumu a rozboru archivních dokumentů autor pojednává o proměnách způsobu života Nungonů, které se začaly od třicátých let 20. století odehrávat následkem prvních kontaktů s australskou administrativou a luteránskými misionáři. Autor v knize nesděluje jednoduchý příběh, ale vykresluje často si protiřečící střípky ze života Nungonů, jak je mohl vyslechnout od místních, zažít s nimi i vyčíst z dochovaných dokumentů. Ukazuje, jak pozoruhodně rychle došlo k transformaci jejich komunity. Z lidí neznalých písma se stali křesťané, kteří čelí náboženskému schizmatu, úspěšně pomáhají při záchraně stromových klokanů, vyvážejí kávu do Seattlu, míchají cukr do čaje, připravují si instantní nudle a někteří sdílejí svůj život na sociálních sítích… I odlehlé papuánské vesnice jsou součástí globálních propojení.

Abstract: Výpravná kniha Antropologie nabízí výklad vývojových proměn antropologického myšlení od 19. století do současnosti, od jejího zrodu v koloniálním období až po postmoderní diskuse o povaze terénního výzkumu a validitě antropologického poznání. Živým stylem napsaná kniha se věnuje všem významným školám, směrům a paradigmatům sociální a kulturní antropologie. Autor se sám zpřítomňuje v textu osobními poznámkami i jako své alter ego, antropoložka, která prožila 20. století a setkala se s mnohými klasiky oboru. Prostřednictvím dopisů významným antropologům a antropoložkám se stává čtenářovou průvodkyní dějinami antropologického myšlení. Kniha je určena antropologům, etnologům, kulturologům, sociologům a všem dalším zájemcům o antropologii jako vědu o člověku, společnosti a kultuře.

Abstract: Vnitrozemí ostrova Nová Guinea bylo dlouho bílým místem na západních mapách. Při průzkumných cestách ve 20. Století vyšlo najevo, že tam tehdy žily velké lidské populace, jež zůstávaly po tisíciletí izolovány od pobřežních oblastí. Kniha se věnuje výkladu prvních kontaktů mezi Papuánci a cizinci, jak autor nazývá Evropany a Australany ovládající ostrov. Příchod cizinců nezřídka vyvolal u Papuánců šok. Kvůli barvě jejich pokožky je považovali za vracející se zesnulé předky, jindy za nebezpečné duchy či potomky bytostí z počátku času, jejichž příchod je předzvěstí konce světa. Po opadnutí prvotního šoku často docházelo k tvrdým střetům mezi cizinci a Papuánci. Výpravná a čtivě napsaná publikace líčí průběh významných průzkumných cest, jež dostaly vnitrozemí ostrova na mapy. Autor se také zabývá koloniálním uspořádáním teritorií Papua a Nová Guinea, popisuje dobové rasistické názory a praktiky a ukazuje, jak sociální antropologie poskytla cizincům oporu pro jejich civilizační aktivity na ostrově. Cizincům se velice rychle podařilo prosadit mezi Papuánci vlastní představu civilizace a změnit jednou provždy ráz tamějších kultur.

Abstract: Kniha Prehistorie rodu Homo se pokouší odpovědět na nadčasovou otázku spjatou s existencí lidského rodu: “kdo jsme, odkud jsme a kam jdeme”. Hlavními hrdiny této encyklopedicky koncipované vědecké monografie jsou předci člověka a fenomén kultury. Prostřednictvím kultury se příslušníci lidského rodu dokázali nejen vyčlenit ze světa přírody, ale také vytvořit “druhou lidskou přírodu”, jež ovlivňuje osudy všech živých bytostí na naší planetě. Kniha je určená širokému okruhu čtenářů, kteří se snaží zorientovat ve stále spletitějších výkladech antropogeneze. Evoluce člověka je v současné době studována z perspektivy mnoha přírodních i společenských věd. Proto autor své čtenáře nejdříve systematicky seznamuje se současnými poznatky z oblasti paleoantropologie, genetiky a primatologie. Teprve poté předkládá svou vlastní interpretaci evolučního příběhu rodu Homo a formuluje své názory na vznik lidské kultury a umělecké kreativity.

Abstract: What is it about human beings that makes us creative, able to imagine and enact new possibilities for life and new solutions to problems in a way that no other animal can? The authors included in The Genesis of Creativity and the Origin of the Human Mind explore this question, in essays and studies from a range of specializations and backgrounds. Experts on culture, art, and evolution come together to describe, analyse, and interpret the origins of artistic creativity and the anatomical and neurological structures that contribute to it. Essays focus on the origins of art in the Upper Palaeolithic as well as on manifestations of artistic creativity in pre-literary societies and tribal cultures that have been preserved to the present day. The interdisciplinary approach to the topic accentuates the wide array of possible methodologies and interpretations of artistic manifestations under particular historic and cultural contexts.

Abstract: Kniha Základy kulturní antropologie představuje původní českou práci věnovanou kulturní antropologii z hlediska výkladu jejího předmětu a systematiky. Autor se zaměřil na vysvětlení základních antropologických subdisciplín, klíčových tematických okruhů, pojmů a metod a technik výzkumu. Kniha je určena zejména studentům antropologie, sociologie, etnologie, psychologie a archeologie a všem dalším zájemcům, kteří se chtějí seznámit s kulturní antropologií jako holistickou a komparativní vědou o člověku a kultuře.

Abstract: The subject of the work is a analysis and interpretation of certain developmental changes of anthropology in the context of field research previously conducted in Melanesia. Particular attention has been paid to various anthropological research projects and to the various cultures of Papua New Guinea. Methodologically the author’s work rests on the analysis of primary sources.

Abstract: Rusko je z náboženského hlediska jedinečnou zemí. Kromě postavení největšího pravoslavného státu světa má primát i v dalších oblastech. V Evropě je státem s nejvyšším počtem muslimů. V Rusku se také nachází jediná autonomní součást evropského státu, která má převážně buddhistický charakter (Kalmycko). Před revolucí mělo Rusko nejpočetnější židovskou komunitu na světě. Tato země je však bohatá i na další pozoruhodné náboženské jevy. Předkládaná publikace hovoří o fenoménu pravoslaví a jeho hlavních kategoriích (čas, bohoslužba, ikony, obřady), seznamuje s uzavřeným světem starověrců a podává celistvý přehled o hlavních náboženstvích dnešního Ruska.

Keywords: Rusko, náboženství

Abstract: Monografie Od Hirošimy po Bělehrad. Válka a mír v druhé polovině 20. století se věnuje válečným a diplomatickým událostem druhé poloviny minulého století, autor jednotlivé události analyzuje na základě teorií R. Arona a J. Galtunga. Ústředním námětem publikace je vývoj míru a války, teoretické proudy (realismus, idealismus, konstruktivismus a kritické teorie) a jejich význam pro hodnocení dějin 20. století. Klíčovou roli v analýze období studené války i tzv. globalizace sehrálo Galtungovo pojetí negativního a pozitivního míru – autor vymezuje válku a mír jako dvě základní podoby mezinárodního uspořádání. Kniha bezprostředně navazuje na monografii Od Sarajeva po Hirošimu. Válka a mír v první polovině 20. století, která se podrobně zaměřila na světové války a meziválečné období.

Keywords: válka a mír od 1945, studená válka (1945-1989), mezinárodní bezpečnost, kontrola zbrojení, globalizace, regionální konflikty

Abstract: This study deals with Kabyle pottery representing traditional Berber craftsmanship and artwork that has been developing for centuries in the territory of modern-day Algeria. The study focuses on Kabyle pottery, perceived as a specific set of artefacts, and on its manufacturers − Kabyle women. The manufacture of Kabyle pottery is artisan handwork, tabooed in many ways; it has been passed on from mother to daughter. Women have learnt know-how and practical skills concerning pottery manufacture through oral tradition and everyday experience. Kabyle pottery shows a specific feminine style, uncovering thus the Kabyle women’s mentality and their secret knowledge hidden in traditional society. The study describes and analyses phases of Kabyle pottery manufacture, its typology and motifs, which are presented as an independent semiotic system. The origin of Kabyle pottery still remains in a shroud of mystery. On the one hand, Kabyle pottery exhibits traits of autochthonous culture; on the other hand, it has also absorbed some foreign cultural influences. At present, Kabyle tribes strengthen their cultural identity and return to their cultural roots through the production of traditional Kabyle pottery. Moreover, motifs of Kabyle pottery inspire contemporary artists. This study further aims to describe, analyse and interpret Kabyle pottery as a unique demonstration of Berber culture which is an inseparable part of the Kabyle women’s world.

Keywords: Kabyle people; pottery; women; manufacture; clay

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Abstract: Autor sleduje na základě teorie Raymonda Arona a Johana Galtunga události první poloviny minulého století, především válečné konflikty a politická vyjednávání s nimi spojená. Autor se věnuje rozboru hlavních příčin válek a analýze vývoje mezinárodních vztahů s důrazem na problematiku míru a války. Analýza tohoto období zahrnuje přehled jednotlivých teoretických škol zabývajících se mezinárodní politikou a komplexní pojednání o proměňujícím se politickém ovzduší počátku 20. století a jeho dopadech na strategické uvažování čelních představitelů světové politiky. Klíčovou roli v této analýze sehrálo Galtungovo pojetí negativního a pozitivního míru – autor vymezuje válku a mír jako dvě základní podoby mezinárodního uspořádání.

Keywords: válka a mír 1901–1945, příčiny války, první světová válka, druhá světová válka, mezinárodní vztahy, světová politika

Abstract: Výpravná umělecká monografie Félicien Rops: enfant terrible dekadence je první původní českou monografií věnovanou životu a tvorbě jednoho z hlavních představitelů evropské výtvarné dekadence a symbolismu, která ho zasazuje do kontextu těchto hnutí. Publikace komplexně přibližuje celý rozsah jak volné, tak grafické, časopisecké i knižní ilustrační tvorby tohoto belgického grafika, ilustrátora a malíře druhé poloviny devatenáctého století. Prostřednictvím pečlivých analýz a reprezentativního obrazového doprovodu tak čtenář získává možnost ponořit se do Ropsova světa, ve kterém je krása obnaženého ženského těla zasazena do v té době tabuizovaných sexuálních, literárních i sociálních souvislostí.

Abstract: This is the first time that a Malaysian cookbook is published in the Czech Republic. The book might be readers’ first encounter with Malaysia and it presents the uniqueness of Malaysian dishes from all parts of this beautiful tropical country. In the main part of the book, the lover of the Asian cuisine can find 50 original recipes, selected carefully so that they can be prepared at home while using ingredients available outside Asia.

Keywords: Malaysia, cultural habits, cookbook

Abstract: This publication derives from a research, which was conducted in 2009 and 2011 in the Uruwa Valley, Morobe province, Papua New Guinea. The purpose of the book is to describe how the students from the Yawan primary school understand their culture using visual representations in their own drawings. The book also includes information about the Nungon community, a historical and a cultural overview to indicate what factors determine the perception of their culture.

Keywords: culture, Papua New Guinea, drawing, field research

Abstract: The objective of the paper is a presentation of the changes of family life in the selected communities of Uruwa valley, Papua New Guinea (Morobe province). The paper is based on a research the author carried out in the Yawan community (2009, 2011).

Keywords: family; kinship; wedding rules; sociocultural change

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Abstract: During the lecture, research at the Yawan locality on the island of New Guinea was presented. Experiences from Papuan culture, outcomes of research projects in the mentioned locality, life in a Papuan village and much more were presented.

Abstract: Papua New Guinea is not exactly a popular tourist destination. This may be due to the lingering image of savages having a friend or stranger for lunch every now and then. The lecture aims to present life in a Papuan village without the trappings of traditional travel rhetoric, to reveal the principles of field research using the example of one of the current Czech researches and to offer a comparison of the village with our village.

Abstract: Kniha Polynésie završuje vydání literární pozůstalosti českého překladatele Václava Černého. Svazek Havaj: historie, mýty, poezie vyšel v roce 2019, svazek Maoři: společnost, kultura a jazyk o rok později. Václav Černý se věnoval především překladům z gruzínštiny, ale mnoho času věnoval také studiu polynéských jazyků a tradiční lidové slovesnosti na polynéských ostrovech. Většina jeho prací však zůstala jen v rukopisech. Publikace Polynésie nabízí nejen Černým sestavené slovníky (samojský, melanéského tok pisinu, slovník ostrovů Niue a Rapa Nui), ale také kratší texty, jako jsou například přísloví ze souostroví Samoa. Publikace je doplněna o kapitoly věnované tetování, jazykům, kulturám a společnostem Polynésie. Třetím svazkem se tedy uzavírá vydání té části Černého literární pozůstalosti, která se věnuje kulturám, společnostem a jazykům Oceánie.

Keywords: Polynesia, myths, Václav Černý, dictionary

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Abstract: Kniha mapuje směry a možnosti studia barokních krajin a současně spektrum využitelných pramenů (text - obraz - mapa - terénní výzkum), jejich interpretační potenciál z hlediska historické geografie i kulturních dějin. Koncepce knihy, jejíž jednotlivé kapitoly kombinují mikro- a makropohled (sondy a jejich obecné interpretace), vychází z širšího rámce studia barokních krajin v Čechách (cca 1650–1800), nastíněného v úvodní stati.

Keywords: baroque, landscape, Bohemia, maps

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Abstract: The book has the potential to reach several parties involved in education processes. First of all, the content of the book can be seen as transdisciplinary, as the book addresses didacticians as researchers or those working in university education. Although the results of the research investigations are presented using geography as an example, the transferability of the results to other disciplines is considerable. Based on empirical data, the ambition of the book is to highlight the differential quality of visualization of curriculum content, as well as the positive or negative benefits of visuals in the learning processes of the elementary school pupils. It should be said that partial findings are also applicable to other school levels. Secondly, the book addresses teachers (not only) of geography as one of the main actors in the educational process. When working with the textbook, the teacher has a limited choice of visuals that can be presented to the pupils. The teacher’s effective work with visuals (e.g. assigning learning tasks, using other information sources, combining other visuals or text) affects not only the pupils final knowledge, but also their skills to work effectively with different types of visuals, as well as their attitude towards the subject. The results of research investigations can be inspiring for teachers in the sense that these results can alert them to the features of visuals that pupils use in their learning processes and, on the contrary, to those that they do not. Finally, and last but not least, the authors and publishers of school didactic resources, especially textbooks, may benefit from the contents of this publication. As it turns out, their conception is rigid in some aspects, but some sub-structural components are changing according to the current state of knowledge in science and new disciplinary and didactic trends. It can be assumed that the book has the potential to address educators of other disciplines than those mentioned above. The question of the quality of visualization and the understanding of its meaning is increasingly relevant, not only in education, but in the whole public space. This book can also be seen as a stimulus for further, more extensive research on the interaction between visuals and the learner’s internal cognitive system.

Abstract: Atlas Moravský kras a okolí zahrnuje oblast, kterou pro svoje venkovní aktivity navštěvuje řada škol všech stupňů a typů nejen z Česka. Při výběru lokality bylo vycházeno z potřeb terénní výuky v rámci učitelského vzdělávání na PdF MU. Posláním Atlasu je vyvolat v jeho uživatelích touhu dozvědět se něco o tom, co utvářelo a utváří krajinu v Moravského krasu a jeho okolí. Samotný Atlas se skládá ze dvou částí. První tvoří tematicky orientované mapy v měřítkách 1 : 160000 a 1 : 400000. Jde o celkový přehled zvoleného území a popis jeho základních přírodních a kulturních charakteristik. Další část tvoří podrobné mapy měřítka 1 : 20 000, které obsahují obrovské množství dalších informací. Jeho hlavní úloha spočívá v tom, aby jeho uživatelé sami v terénu objevovali to, co si vybrali na základě jednotlivých mapových listů.

Keywords: atlas, Moravian Karst, field work, didactic aid

Abstract: The book is the second volume of unpublished manuscripts of Václav A. Černý. In 1968, he focused on the study of Polynesian cultures, languages and lore. He compiled dictionaries and translated modem literature as well as oral traditions. The second volume contains a comprehensive Czech-Maori and Maori-Czech dictionary and a dictionary of Maori novels, mythology and proverbs. The volume also includes a CD with samples of Maori songs, which Černý introduced in the Czechoslovakian Radio broadcast in the 1980s. There are also five essays providing information on traditional Maori society, culture, language and mythology. The extensive Czech-Maori and Maori-Czech dictionary represents the first important contribution to the study of Maori language in Czech scholarship. Therefore, dictionary offers a fundamental tool for the Czech learners of Maori. The dictionary of Maori novels, mythology and proverbs is a selection of interpretations of important figures of Maori mythology, gods, culture heroes, cultural concepts and Maori culture and history. Černýʼs translations are accompanied with essays by four Czech scholars. In his introductory chapter, Martin Soukup provides outline of the Maoriʼs origin, the structure of their society, selected cultural customs, and their first contacts with Europeans after James Cookʼs visit. He describes the first contacts of Czechs with Maoris. The contribution by Gábina Jungová discusses the life and work of Czech-born Bohumír (Gottfried) Lindauer, who made portraits of Maoris. She also describes Maori artefacts, which are part of the National Museum in Pragueʼs collection. Martin Rychlíkʼs contribution focuses on the Maori tattoo, which fulfilled an important role in Maori society and which became world-renown. Two chapters by Ondřej Pivoda concentrate on Maori language, elucidate its specifics and discuss Maori mythology, issues, which Václav Černý paid attention to in his work as a translator as well. As a whole, the book is an indispensable contribution to the forming of Pacific studies in Czech environment.

Keywords: Maori, dictionary, mythology, culture

Abstract: The book Hawaii: History, Myths, Poetry is the first volume from the literary estate of Václav A. Černý. The author has been studying Polynesian cultures, languages and folklore since 1968. He compiled dictionaries and translated modern literature and traditional folklore. The present volume presents texts focused exclusively on the Hawaiian archipelago, including the author´s treatise on the history of Hawaii, contemporary documents, myths, translations of poetry, and a Czech-Hawaiian and Hawaiian-Czech dictionary. The book is not only for specialists in Polynesia, but will also appeal to those interested in literature, poetry and history.

Keywords: Hawaii, dictionary, poetry

Abstract: Kniha ukazuje dopady kolonialismu na životy příslušníků novoguinejské etnické skupiny Nungon. Na základě jednoho desetiletí terénního výzkumu a rozboru archivních dokumentů autor pojednává o proměnách způsobu života Nungonů, které se začaly od třicátých let 20. století odehrávat následkem prvních kontaktů s australskou administrativou a luteránskými misionáři. Autor v knize nesděluje jednoduchý příběh, ale vykresluje často si protiřečící střípky ze života Nungonů, jak je mohl vyslechnout od místních, zažít s nimi i vyčíst z dochovaných dokumentů. Ukazuje, jak pozoruhodně rychle došlo k transformaci jejich komunity. Z lidí neznalých písma se stali křesťané, kteří čelí náboženskému schizmatu, úspěšně pomáhají při záchraně stromových klokanů, vyvážejí kávu do Seattlu, míchají cukr do čaje, připravují si instantní nudle a někteří sdílejí svůj život na sociálních sítích… I odlehlé papuánské vesnice jsou součástí globálních propojení.

Abstract: Publikace je výsledkem terénního výzkumu prováděného mezi etnickými Berbery, kteří obývají pohoří Vysoký Atlas ve vnitrozemí Maroka. Podrobuje analýze transformaci místního prostředí v návaznosti na objevující se diskursivní praktiky, jež jsou úzce spojené s postupným pronikáním prvků globální ekonomiky, environmentálních programů a programů rozvojové pomoci do života místní společnosti.

Abstract: Moderní kartografická učebnice popisující proces tvorby map od získání dat přes všechny fáze kartografického projektu po tvorbu finálního výstupu. Kromě teorie kartografie přináší i poznatky z dalších oborů, které kartograf při tvorbě map potřebuje – počítačové grafiky, typografie či designu. Každá kapitola je doplněna praktickými návody a postupy pro práci v programech ArcGIS, QGIS a OCAD, nechybí tipy na další užitečné programy, aplikace a doplňky.

Keywords: textbook, cartography, maps

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